Philhistorian Middle School and High School Championship
2022 — NSDA Campus, US
Policy Paradigm List
All Paradigms: Show HideEmail Jororynyc@gmail.com
Perry Hs
CSUF
Assistant coach at Peninsula, 2023-Present
Cleared at the Toc.
A significant part of how I think is influenced by Amber Kelsie, Jared Burke, Tay Brough, and Raunak Dua, along with Elmer Yang and Gordon Krauss.
Condense the debate to as few arguments as possible and have good topic knowledge.
Mostly read K arguments - Some policy arguments on the neg. Some Affs had plans.
I am bad for Phil or Trix.
FW: Fairness is an impact,
I also have an increasingly higher threshold for K debate because most of it done in LD is bad.
I wont flow until 1NC case so I can read evidence. If I don't know what you're saying by the last speech, my rfd coherence will reflect.
Coach at Bellaire High School (TX)
Separately conflicted with: Heights High School, Archbishop Mitty SM, Carnegie Vanguard KF, Cypress Ranch KH, Langham Creek SB, Woodlands SP
Set up the email chain before the round starts and add me. The 1AC should be sent before the scheduled start time, and the 1AC should be ready to start their speech by the start time.
If I'm judging you in PF: bellairedocs.pf@gmail.com
If I'm judging you in LD: bellairedocs.ld@gmail.com
If I'm judging you in Policy: bellairedocs.policy@gmail.com
I debated for Timothy Christian School in New Jersey for four years. I graduated from Rice University, spent 10 years coaching LD, Policy, and WS at Heights High School, am currently a teacher at Bellaire, and coach a variety of debate formats: my program competes through the Texas Forensic Association and the Houston Urban Debate League.
Pref Shortcuts
- Policy: 1
- T/Theory: 1-2
- Phil: 2
- Kritik (identity): 2
- Kritik (pomo): 3
- Tricks: Strike; I can and will cap your speaks at a 27, and if I'm on a panel I will be looking for a way to vote against you.
General
- Absent tricks or arguments that are morally objectionable, you should do what you are best at rather than over-adapting to my paradigm.
- Tech > Truth
- I will try to be tab and dislike intervening so please weigh arguments and compare evidence. It is in your advantage to write my ballot for me by explaining which layers come first and why you win those layers.
- I won't vote on anything that's not on my flow. I also won't vote on any arguments that I can't explain back to your opponent in the oral.
- Not the judge for cowardice. That includes but is not limited to questionable disclosure practices, taking prep to delete analytics, dodgy CX answers, and strategies rooted in argument avoidance.
- It is unlikely that I will vote on a blip in the 2NR/2AR, even if it is conceded. If you want an argument to be instrumental to my ballot, you should commit to it. Split 2NR/2ARs are generally bad. Although, hot take, in the right circumstances a 2NR split between 1:00 of case and the rest on T can be strategic.
- I presume neg; in the absence of offense in either direction, I am compelled by the Change Disad to the plan. However, presumption flips if the 2NR goes for a counter-advocacy that is a greater change from the status quo than the aff. It is unlikely, however, that I will try to justify a ballot in this way; I almost always err towards voting on risk of offense rather than presumption in the absence of presumption arguments made by debaters.
- If you want to ask your opponent what was or was not read, you need to take prep or CX time for it.
- I'm colorblind so speech docs that are highlighted in light blue/gray are difficult for me to read; yellow would be ideal because it's easiest for me to see. Also, if you're re-highlighting your opponent's evidence and the two colors are in the same area of the color wheel, I probably won't be able to differentiate between them.Please don't send cards in the body of emails; Word docs only. Don't read a shell on your opponent if they don't follow these instructions though - it's not that serious.
- You don't get to insert rehighlighting (or anything else, really); if you want me to evaluate it, you have to read it. Obviously doesn't apply to inserts of case cards that were already read in the 1AC for context on an off-case flow.
- Not fond of embedded clash; it's a recipe for judge intervention. I'll flow overviews and you should read them when you're extending a position, but long (0:30+) overviews that trade-off against substantive line-by-line work increase the probability that I'll either forget about an argument or misunderstand its implication.
Policy
- I spent much of my career coaching policy debate, so I am probably most comfortable adjudicating these rounds, but this is your space so you should make the arguments that you want to make in the style that you prefer.
- You should be cutting updates and the more specific the counterplan and the links on the disad the happier I'll be. The size/probability of the impact is a function of the strength/specificity of the link.
- Terminal defense is possible and more common than people seem to think.
- I think impact turns (dedev, cap good/bad, heg good/bad, wipeout, etc.) are underutilized and can make for interesting strategies.
- If a conditional advocacy makes it into the 2NR and you want me to kick it, you have to tell me. Also, I will not judge kick unless the negative wins an argument for why I should, and it will not be difficult for the affirmative to convince me otherwise.
Theory
- I default to competing interpretations.
- I default to no RVIs.
- You need to give me an impact/ballot story when you read a procedural, and the blippier/less-developed the argument is, the higher my threshold is for fleshing this out. Labeling something an "independent voter" or "is a voting issue" is rarely sufficient. These arguments generally implicate into an unjustified, background framework and don't operate at a higher layer absent an explicit warrant explaining why. You still have to answer these arguments if your opponent reads them - it's just that my threshold for voting for underdeveloped independent voters is higher.
- Because I am not a particularly good flower, theory rounds in my experience are challenging to follow because of the quantity of blippy analytical arguments. Please slow down for these debates, clearly label the shell, and number the arguments.
- Disclosure is good. I am largely unimpressed with counterinterpretations positing that some subset of debaters does not have to disclose, with the exception of novices or someone who is genuinely unaware of the wiki.
- "If you read theory against someone who is obviously a novice or a traditional debater who doesn't know how to answer it, I will not evaluate it under competing interps."
- I will not evaluate the debate after any speech that is not the 2AR.
Kritiks
- I have a solid conceptual understanding of kritks, given that I teach the structure and introductory literature to novices every year, but don't presume that I'll recognize the vocabulary from your specific literature base. I am not especially well-read in kritikal literature.
- Pretty good for policy v k debates, or phil v k. Less good for k v k debates.
- I appreciate kritikal debates which are heavy on case-specific link analysis paired with a comprehensive explanation of the alternative.
- I don't judge a terribly large number of k-aff v fw debates, but I've also coached both non-T performative and pure policy teams and so do not have strong ideological leanings here. Pretty middle of the road and could go either way depending on technical execution.
Philosphical Frameworks
- I believe that impacts are relevant insofar as they implicate to a framework, preferably one which is syllogistically warranted. My typical decision calculus, then, goes through the steps of a. determining which layer is the highest/most significant, b. identifying the framework through which offense is funneled through on that layer, and c. adjudicating the pieces of legitimate offense to that framework.
- You should assume if you're reading a philosophically dense position that I do not have a deep familiarity with your literature base; as such, you should probably moderate your speed and over-explain rather than under.
- I default to epistemic confidence.
- Better than many policy judges for phil strategies; I have no especial attachment to consequentialism, given that you are doing technical work on the line-by-line.
Speed
- Speed is generally fine, so long as its clear. I'd place my threshold for speed at a 9 out of 10 where a 10 is the fastest debater on the circuit, although that varies (+/- 1) depending on the type of argument being read.
- Slow down for and enunciate short analytics, taglines, and card authors; it would be especially helpful if you say "and" or "next" as you switch from one card to the next. I am not a particularly good flower so take that into account if you're reading a lot of analytical arguments. If you're reading at top-speed through a dump of blippy uncarded arguments I'll likely miss some. I won't backflow for you, so spread through blips on different flows without pausing at your own risk.
- If you push me after the RFD with "but how did you evaluate THIS analytic embedded in my 10-point dump?" I have no problem telling you that I a. forgot about it, b. missed it, or c. didn't have enough of an implication flowed/understood to draw lines to other flows for you.
Speaker Points
- A 28.5 or above means I think you're good enough to clear. I generally won't give below a 27; lower means I think you did something offensive, although depending on my general level of annoyance, it's possible I'll go under if the round is so bad it makes me want to go home.
- I award speaks based on quality of argumentation and strategic decision-making.
- I don't disclose speaks.
- I give out approximately one 30 a season, so it's probably not going to be you. If you're looking for a speaks fairy, pref someone else. Here are a few ways to get higher speaks in front of me, however:
- I routinely make mental predictions during prep time about what the optimal 2NR/2AR is. Give a different version of the speech than my prediction and convince me that my original projection was strategically inferior. Or, seamlessly execute on my prediction.
- Read a case-specific CP/Disad/PIC that I haven't seen before.
- Teach me something new that doesn't make me want to go home.
- Be kind to an opponent that you are more experienced than.
- If you have a speech impediment, please feel free to tell me. I debated with a lisp and am very sympathetic to debaters who have challenges with clarity. In this context, I will do my best to avoid awarding speaks on the basis of clarity.
- As a teacher and coach, I am committed to the value of debate as an educational activity. Please don't be rude, particularly if you're clearly better than your opponent. I won't hack against you if you go 5-off against someone you're substantively better than, but I don't have any objections to tanking your speaks if you intentionally exclude your opponent in this way.
last updated: 3/10
Ammu Christ (they/them/their)
Midlothian '22
UT Austin '26
please add both garlandspeechdocs@gmail.com and graduated@gmail.com to the chain
active conflicts: Garland (2024) + various independents
**Follow the bolded portions of the paradigm if you need to skim.
---
post-TFA State 2024 updates:
The state of LD has always been in a desolate state, but this past weekend has been extraordinarily disappointing. The frequency of judging beyond this point is up to my wellbeing and being compensated beyond minimum wage.
1 - I'm not sure why debaters feel the need to be cutting necessary corners to explain and win their arguments sufficiently well. It disservices you from winning by underexplaining your arguments and hoping I can make
2 - Be considerate when you're postrounding your judges. Many of us are paid well below minimum wage and volunteer/prorate lots of hours into the activity with little to no return in favor of keeping the community having adequate judging. I'll do my best to explain how I reached my decision and answer clarifying questions, but if you expect me to automatically change my decision, its too late, try again next time.
3 - I am not your babysitter and will give you a stern look if you or any person in the room acts like a toddler throwing a tantrum. Especially things such as grabbing another debater's laptop without their permission and turning it towards the judge.
4 - I hold absolutely no sympathy for individuals that don't make a concerted attempt for disclosure (ie explicitly refuse to send their cases over, not disclosing on opencaselist dot com) and then read some 2000s-esq theory shell saying they are unable to engage with the 1AC. Go argue with your coach, not me.
5 - It should go without saying that if I find out that you attempt to make a structural/ontology claim (or analogously use some grammar of blackness) through cutting a sui**de note as your basis, you will get the lowest speaks possible and I will contact your coach either by the RFD or directly. Absolutely ridiculous.
---
I would best describe myself as a clairvoyant when it comes to judging. I have no strong feelings when it comes to how I evaluate arguments, and feel that I agree with a wide spectrum of opinions and debate takes, even the usual divide that exists within educational/“non-educational” forms of debate.
I will vote up anything except anything morally repugnant (see: racism, homophobia, sexism, etc) or out of round issues. Some arguments require a lot more instruction than others in front of me, choose accordingly.
General takes:
- Evidence determines the direction of argument quality - Bad arguments will either have little to no evidence, but it is possible to spin smart arguments from bad evidence. Arguments without evidence is definitely doable, but then again, y’all are high schoolers.
- To win an argument, you need to sufficiently win that it has a claim, impact, and warrant.
- The 1AC will “set the topic” (whether it adheres to the resolution or not), the 1NC will refute the 1AC in any form. I am inclined to vote affirmative if the affirmative world is more preferable than the status quo or a different world proposed by the negative.
- Debate is a communication activity. It may or may not have “spillover” into the real world. I am of the opinion, by default, we probably don’t. I can be convinced either way, though.
- My ballot is solely a decision on which debater was more persuasive. Being persuasive requires a bundle of strategy, tech, charisma, and ballot-painting.
- At bare minimum, I need to get submit my ballot in before tournament directors nag on me. Other than that, do whatever other than being violent.
- As a neurodivergent person, it is sometimes a bit hard for me to follow implications/strategies of things as well as deciphering rebuttals. My favorite type of rebuttals will respond to things top-down in the order of the previous speech and/or group and do sub-debates in specific areas on my flow. Your speed when it comes to the rebuttals should be 70% of the speed of the constructive.
- I care a lot about form and content. The 2NR/2AR must isolate and collapse to one argument (most of the time). I am very receptive to arguments that specifically complicate the reading of multiple conflicting positions in the rebuttal. (See: a non-T aff going for condo, collapsing to multiple Phil positions and a util advantage, etc). This doesn’t really apply if conflicting positions are read before the rebuttals.
- I default no judgekick.
- I think I’m pretty good at nearly transcribing most speeches. My typing speed spikes anywhere between 110-140 words per minute. I tend to flow more and try to isolate warrants since my brain tends to forget immediately if I don’t write down full warrants/explanations for things. Not a you problem, just a neurodivergent thing. In terms of speed, not a problem, just need clarity and will clear you if it is not present or give up not typing anything if I can’t legibly type anything.
- Speaks are based on execution, strategy, collapse, and vibes. 28.2-28.6 is the cume for average. 28.7-28.9 means you’re on the cusp for breaking. 29-29.3 means you’ll break and reach early/mid slims. 29.4+ means you will go deep elms and/or win the tournament. Not all speaks are indicative of this, but normally they will try to follow this guideline.
LD specific takes:
- Pref guide:
- I feel best apt to evaluate K, non-T, policy, Util/Kant debates.
- I can adequately evaluate theory. I find that these debates aren’t impossible, but I definitely will be thinking a lot more harder in these debates.
- Exercise caution around tricks and “denser phil” (anything not Util or Kant). I can still evaluate these, but I find in these debates I need arguments overexplained in terms of strategy for me to follow.
- I default comparative worlds over truth testing. I think offense under either form of argument evaluation is doable, but I need that blatantly explained to me.
- I’ve changed my thoughts on tricks. I think that I was formerly being dogmatic by saying they don’t hold “educational value”. I actually don’t care now. Read them if you fancy these arguments, but I require a lot more judge instruction to understand strategy/collapse.
- As formerly for tricks, I’ve also changed my thoughts on theory. A shell must have a violation to be legitimate. See below in a later section about specifics with theory offense.
- A caveat for evidence ethics theory. I do not find this shell convincing at all. In order to win with this shell in front of me, the alleged violation must prove that there was malicious intent with the altercation of evidence. I will also ask if both debaters would like to stop the round and stake the round on evidence ethics. If the person who read the shell says no, my threshold for responses on the shell automatically goes down to the lowest possible amount of responses. The threshold to win the argument at this point becomes insanely steep.
- If I haven’t made it clear already, please spend more time explaining function and implications of these arguments if you want to win my ballot. I find that I am following these arguments more better than I was like a year ago, but you should do more work to overexplain to me to win. I don’t know to make that more obvious.
- I default competing interpretations, no RVIs, and drop the debater on theory shells.
- I am willing to zero out a theory shell’s offense if there is no real violation. It is up to the person reading the shell to prove that there is either a textual or functional violation in the first place. No amount of competing interpretation justifications will matter if there is no violation to the shell. I don’t care if the violation is textual or functional, I just need one to grant offense to the shell in the first place.
- I find that paradigm issue debates are sailing ships in the night — you should really group them whenever they’re spread across multiple pages. If the warrants to your paradigm issues are the same I’ve heard over the past year and a half, I will flow them as “dtd, c/I, no rvi” (and vice versa when responding)
- I enjoy unique warrants to paradigm issues, but find non-T offs trying to come up with their own warrants sort of fall flat if they reject a conception of debate.
- IVIs need an impact when introduced. Will not vote on these without one.
- I default theory > K >= content FW > content — this is a rough diagram and open to different justifications for weighing.
- You can find any other relevant thoughts on the K and policy here in the archive for December 2023. My thoughts really haven’t changed as much for the K nor policy. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-KidiW8WJQi0-PWf2lx33GPi9kiRySLl1TbV_fGZ1PY/edit?usp=sharing
You can request a copy of your flow at any point after the RFD is given.
Good luck! :>
Hi debaters,
My name is Amanda Cisse. I did parliamentary for 3 years in middle school and I am now a JV policy debater at Stuyvesant High School.
Middle School Parliamentary: Sound like you know what you're talking about, speak loudly and clearly and command the room. Use up all of your time. Signpost in your speeches and flow. Define terms in the first proposition. If the first proposition does not define terms I will deduct points, and the the first opposition should define them. If neither first speaker defines terms I will fall asleep because it will be a really boring debate. I believe that the second proposition speech is the most important in the round. Weigh. I will deduct points for excessive heckling and POIs, but they are fine when used properly. I will also deduct points if your POIs are too long, or if they are not questions. Do not try to have a conversation with a speaker during a POI. Do not stand up and say uhhh for twenty seconds and then ask your question because that wastes speaking time. Have it formulated beforehand. I will deduct points if your heckles are more than a sentence, or if they become conversations. State your burdens. If you are discriminatory or explicit you can expect a 25, an automatic loss, and to be reported to the udl lol good luck
Public Forum: just read Tuilaepa Katoanga's paradigm and spread fast and I am super tech over truth thanks (he has this whole section on arbitrary points none of which i will honor except for "Emailing dbajada24@regis.org "cats are awful, especially yours" (provide proof) = +1 speaks").
jmu '25
affiliations: berkeley prep (2022-), solon and saint ignatius (2021-22)
tl;dr
tech>truth
I primarily run policy arguments and coach critical ones.
will vote on 0 risk
I have found that aff teams are just not sufficiently extending solvency to any of their advantages, internal links, etc., thus the I find myself having a lower threshold for neg offense
speed is fine (I will only "clear" you once and then ill flow what I can)
call me conway or matt not judge (he/him)
don't be racist, sexist, homophobic, etc.
clipping = auto L and 0
unlikely to vote on things that happened outside of the round
K Affs/FW
I think K affs should have some relation to the topic and am less persuaded by debate bad arguments. you don't need a c/I to win. I am persuaded by both fairness and clash. the easiest way to my ballot is establishing external offense vs internal link turns and do real impact comparison. presumption isn't gone for as much as it probably should. contextualizing the links to how they specifically destroy the ability of the alt to happen will help you out a lot. don't assume I know any of your lit.
Ks
you can win without an alt, however I prefer if you generate UQ from somewhere else rather then going for the k as a linear disad. I think teams spend way to much time on fw, in almost every case the aff gets to weigh the 1ac and the neg gets reps links.
CPs
I like well thought out advantage cps. affs don't utilize their 1ac enough when answering cps. condo is good, multi-plank condo is good. pretty much all other theory is probably a reason to reject the arg.
DAs
The politics DA was most of my high school career. I enjoy complex stories with clear internal link turns to the aff or some form of cirvumvention/a solvency take out. teams who explain how the direction of x shapes the direction of y are much more likely to win a close debate. I will probably not read you ev during the debate, but if the final rebuttals include a DA, please send a card doc.
T
default to competing interps but its not hard to get me to vote on reasonability. the simpler the definition/the clearer the violation the better.
misc
organization/signposting is important
I enjoy impacts turns/traps/double binds etc.
have fun
About me:
Email: mcopeland2017@gmail.com
Background: Currently, I am a coach for Liberty University, where I also debated for four years, NDT Octofinalist and CEDA Octofinalist; I started by doing policy args, moved to Kritical/performance things with most of my arguments starting with black women and moving outward such as Cap, AB, Set Col, and so on). As a novice, I started debate in college and worked my way to varsity, so I have a pretty good understanding of each division.
Judging wise (general things)
How I view debate: Debate is, first and foremost, a game, but it's full of real people and real consequences, so we should keep that in mind as we play, even though it's a game with real-life implications for many of us.
Facial Expressions: I often make facial expressions during the debate, and yes, they are about the debt, so I would pay attention to it; my face will usually let you know when I am vibing and when I'm confused
Speaker points: --- subjective these days. I try to start at 28.7 and then go up and down based on a person's performance in a debate. Do you want to earn higher speaks? Don't risk clarity over speed. I'm not straining my ear to understand what you are saying. And a 2NR and 2AR that have judge instruction and tell me what I am voting on are chefs ki.ss
K AFFs --Tend to think these should be in the direction of the room. You should be prepared to answer these questions if you read these affs. What is the point of reading the 1AC in debate? What is your beef with the debate or the resolution? I think you need to have a reason why people should have to engage with your model of debate and why the education you produce is good.
K's --- What's the link? Links need to be contextualized to the aff; generally, don't be generic or links of omission unless they are entirely dropped—the more specific the aff, the better. Leveraging the framework in your favor is an underrated strategy, but I enjoy those debates. At the end of the debate, some explanation of the alternative that solves the links needs to be explained. Less is more condensed than the K in the 2NR, and you can sit and contextualize the args you go for to the 1AC and what is happening in the debate. In general, I understand most K's. Still, you should assume that I don't explain your literature base/theory or power, especially if you read psychoanalysis, Baudrillard, or anything like that in front of me.
(Putting the K on the case page makes my flow so messy, and I like pretty flows....lol)
Policy AFFs -- I always think less is more; the more advantages and scenarios, the less likely those internal link scenarios make sense.
Framework -- Framework makes the game work. The most important thing with the framework is getting OFF your blocks and answering the specific offense. I don't think TVA has to solve all of the AFF, but I do think they need to be TOPICAL, and I think you need to prove that they can access the same scholarship under the TVA.
DAs and CPs -- These are fine; CPs need to be competitive and solve the aff or significant portions of the aff with a net benefit. DAs are okay links that should be specific to the aff, and impact weighing in the 2NR is key.
Theory: Theory is fine, but just reading blocks back and forth at one another is not --- to win theory, a significant portion of the 2NR and 2AR need to be dedicated to them to win this in front of me -- and disclosure is something I would say I have a higher threshold on really need to prove in round abuse to win
Any pronouns, they/she listed - referring to me using feminine descriptors is fine, though any are accepted. I have no strong feelings about my gender.
***Apparently to search my paradigm, you need to type "Sophia Dal" instead of "Sophia Dal Pra" - just a heads up***
Background: Wooster HS, Kentucky ex-pat, Now debate at West Georgia
Conflicts: Wooster High School, Dublin Jerome High School
Put me on the email chain - sophiavansickle477@gmail.com
---Updates---
9/17/24 - Do not rehighlight the 1AC in gray and insert it as your 2AC. Extend the argument effectively. I don't read the speech doc as you are speaking. Instead, I flow what you are saying, not what you read/what I see. With that being said, I have a higher threshold for what constitutes a complete argument than a lot of judges I know. Go back to basics. An argument is a claim, warrant, and implication.
2/1/24 - This is not "We'll take the rest as prep" debate. This is cross examination debate. Use your time. CX is important to me and you if you like speaks.
1/18/24 - Sending the plan in the email chain is annoying for all of us and makes you look like a coward. Put it in the speech doc or your speaks are capped at a 28. Obviously elimination debates are immune from this, but it will make me disgruntled.
10/14/23 - My personal style of debate has become a lot more critical. I coach policy teams pretty much exclusively, but I'm way more familiar with the engagement between lit bases in K v. K debates. As always, I love organized, technical debates, but I have no strong preclusions whether I'm in the back of a policy throwdown or a method debate.
2/22/23 - Some things in debate that others may view as non-negotiables (i.e. flowing, speech-times, etc.) are things I lean towards as being so, but I can be persuaded by framing arguments that these are things I should disregard.
---Top Level---
I think that debate is amazing and unique because of the diversity of positions and stances that we can take, from typical substance debate to debates about the rules to debates about debate. I think that debate is a competition at its foundation and that the educational benefits we gain are shaped from its research benefits. I also think that debate as an activity or as an institution is not shielded from critique.
Feel free to ask me about anything below or any thoughts you have in the pre-round!
My RFDs - are scripted as best I can to organize my thoughts. I have pretty bad ADHD and I tend to have a lot of external thoughts about arguments in any given debate, so I do this to stay organized. It's also how I verify that my decision can be delivered in a sensical manner. My decision on any given debate is usually made at a relatively normal pace, but writing out the decision, (and sometime a separate decision for the other team/over another argument in close debates) usually takes me to d-time in elim debates. I will sometimes read them to myself aloud as well for good measure. I would want my judges to care about the decisions in my debates, so this is my way of returning the favor.
General Argument Preferences - I prefer well-crafted strategies over all else. I do have a soft spot for specificity, but I understand when that is not an option because of new affs, team resources, or miscellaneous reasons. Linearly, the more thought you have put into the strategy, the more I will probably like it.
I have found that I am increasingly annoyed by debates that do not have a substantial portion of them dedicated to answering the aff in some way. This does not have to be with a specific strategy; it can be with making the most with what you have. This can be through generic impact defense, deconstructing a poorly-constructed aff, citing 1AC lines when explaining how the K links, creative counterplanning, etc. Policy debate is plan-focused, and your strategy should be to address it, not to empty your box in the least appealing way possible.
This does not mean that I have apprehensions about the amount of offcase that you read. I think that thought can go into a 12-off strategy as much as a no off/only case turns strategy.
Evidence - Evidence comparison is a great way to get me to like you. Recency isn't everything when it comes to ev comparison. Give me author indicts, prodicts, think-tank biases, etc. The best skill that debaters take from debate is the ability to critically process large amounts of information, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that the analysis of the evidences' sources is important to that processing in our day-to-day lives. If you would be embarrassed to read the qualifications of an author aloud during a debate, don't include that piece of evidence and find a better one.
Another point of contestation that should make its way into more debates is the way that authors make their arguments, or the way that debaters have highlighted these claims. Is the author making this claim based on one case study or based on a peer-reviewed, time-series cross sectional statistical analysis? Does the card itself not provide any warrants? Is the highlighting of the evidence not able to lend itself to a claim and a warrant, or even a complete sentence? Point these issues out during your debating.
I believe the highlighting of your evidence should be coherent enough to read as a public speech, and not phrased like Rupi Kaur's new poetry anthology.
You can "insert the re-highlighting" if you need to discuss the quality of your opponents evidence. I think that having debaters re-read bad evidence means that there is a disincentive to do this type of evidence comparison because of the time it takes out of a speech.
I love evidence-based debates and will want a card doc at the end of the debate. My evaluation of these card docs will be in a way in which I feel I have done the least amount of intervention. To me, this means that cards/arguments that are referenced heavily by the debaters in the final rebuttals, even if they aren't by name, will be read and I'll adjust my thoughts on them accordingly. I will assign the meaning to the evidence that the debaters give it, so, for example, if the 1NC has a highlighted link argument within a card on the kritik, and the 2NR doesn't go for that link argument but goes for another claim in the card, I will not evaluate the extraneous link argument as meaning anything. The evidence you read does not give your argument more weight than you gave it. If you read stellar evidence but can't interpret it for me or move your analysis beyond tagline extensions, then I will not rely on the fact that that card is better than your opponent's.
CX is binding, but that doesn't mean you can read evidence in CX or finish cards in CX. There is a reason that CX is denoted as separate from speech time, and I still hold folks to the threshold of bringing those arguments into speeches, which means that you will just be wasting a lot of time.
Even if someone else cut the evidence you are reading, you are responsible for any issues of academic integrity that arise when you read that evidence, even if you weren't aware of the issue beforehand.
This is not to say I will not vote for teams that don't read evidence. I vote for teams that win debates.
Flowing - I only flow what I catch you saying. Please try to recognize communication break-downs and adjust. I will be following along in the speech document as you read, but I want to be able to understand you.
One of the biggest negative impacts of online debate along with a drop in participation is the increasing card-doc-ification of debates. I am not a fan. Make arguments, do line-by-line, know what evidence they read, FLOW THE DEBATE YOURSELF!
ADAPTATION: I have an auditory processing disorder that makes it especially difficult to flow unclear, online speeches. I can flow top speeds and follow along, but you do not understand how big of a difference clarity makes.
I have recently been attempting to learn how to type with more than my pointer fingers, and am a good flow on my computer but still, please don't let that be a substitute for your own communication.
When flowing debates, I will attempt to line up arguments next to each other, and I would appreciate it if line-by-line is clear as to facilitate this. If I can't do this, I will flow straight down and match arguments and their responses together at a later point, though, this may extend my already egregious use of time post-debate to deliberate.
Absent a defense of splitting up speaking times, the partner that is supposed to be speaking in that speech based on their speaker position is the one I will flow. I will not flow arguments that are being fed to another debater by their partner.
Tech and Truth - I am a "tech" judge. The arguments from the debate that make it on my flow and their implications will be compared based on the connections and the argument resolution that debaters have made.
Above all, when technically evaluating arguments, I value the way that debaters have characterized specific arguments rather than relying solely on evidence to make those comparisons or connecting the dots for them. Cross-applications still need explanation as to how they apply to the new argument. Debates are won and lost through small link distinctions, and especially in buzzword-heavy theory debates, this nuance is lost and leaves me in no way ready to vote on them without explanation.
I have a low threshold for "out-teching" stupid arguments. Stupid arguments can have just as stupid responses. However, if an argument is factually incorrect or incomplete, I'll disregard it. This includes, but is not limited to, voting issues without warranted standards and anything that I can easily google.
(Former) Argument Non-Starters
While rewriting my paradigm, I critically thought about my previous argument inhibitions and realized that they were just based on what I thought were accepted community norms, left over from when I created my paradigm when I was first introduced to national circuit debate. That was stupid of me, and I think that I should be able to defend to myself why I completely exclude an argument from evaluation. Other than, obviously, arguments that are on-face violent, I am fair game for any position.
My previous nonstarters that are now on the table include
- Death Good
- Objectivism
- "No perms in a method debate"
There are two arguments that are difficult for me as a judge:
1. A very pessimistically-read "Debate Bad" argument. Without a way to resolve the offense, I am left wondering why this doesn't link to every debater participating in the debate.
2. This is more of a brand of argument than a specific argument, but any personal arguments that I cannot verify within the current debate. This includes previous debates against this team or incidents between the teams. Debate competition is not the best accountability method for interpersonal violence, you should take these issues to tab, coaches, or relevant authorities to resolve it, not me.
All of my dispositions can be overcame through outdebating the other team. There is always the chance that you could be the debater who makes me enjoy judging issues that I once disliked.
---Misc---
If your strategy involve humiliating the other debaters in the round you should strike me. I am fine with passion about arguments and the way that people communicate them, I do not want harm to come in personal attacks against debaters and their unique positionality in debate.
Online Debate - PLEASE BE MORE CLEAR. I cannot stress this enough. In some of the rounds I have judged, I was very close to losing the argumentation to mumbling or a lack of clarity of speech. Start off slower please. I can flow at fast speeds, but high schooler's laptops are usually not the best, so please be as clear as possible.
The timer stops for medical issues and tech issues.
Lay Debate/Non-Circuit Styles - I debated on a semi-lay circuit for my high-school career, so if your debate style is more stock issues, traditional, or slow, go for it! I will not penalize you for sticking with a local style that you have no control over, just know that I am still a "flow" judge. I'm not a lay judge or blind to circuit norms by any means, I just think that it is not a team's fault where they begin debating, and will not penalize a different style that does not match progressive debate norms.
Speaker Points - are based on skill, respectfulness to the judge and your opponents, clarity, roadmapping, and how you execute your strategy. I do not give you higher speaks based on you telling me to. If you ask for speaker points, I will give you the tournament minimum.
Procedural issues always come before substance.
---Topicality---
I like T debates. I especially enjoy T debates where a substantial amount of evidence is read, especially evidence about caselists and interpretations with intent to define and exclude. Please explain to me your visions of the topic and why that should frame my decision. Impacting out these debates is important. T is always a voting issue. Some things that I think you should focus on:
1. What is the distinction between the interpretation and the counter-interpretation? I find that debaters oftentimes lose the forest for the trees and dive into the violation debates without solidifying what makes each team's views of what should be included in the topic distinct. A great way to do this for me is with caselists, from both teams, prodicting their interpretations and indicting the opposing interpretation.
2. In what way does the aff violate the interpretation? This seems like a basic portion of T debate, but I see so many high school shells being whittled down so much so that the violation doesn't make it in. If the violation is poorly written or non-existent, point that out to me. I have judged way too many T debates where the violation hinges on an assertion from the negative that the aff is not a thing, when they probably are that thing. I give affirmatives the benefit of the doubt when explaining intricacies of their plan. This is an area where neg T evidence can really help.
---Theory---
I default to rejecting the argument on theory except for conditionality. If you want me to reject the team on anything else, impact out why. I think that you shouldn't rely heavily on blocks in these debates, or at least make those blocks responsive. Impacts to theory should be clear and articulate; the less buzzwords, the better. The offense of your interpretation or your counter-interpretation should be intrinsic to the interpretation/counter-interpretation.
My leanings on conditionality are that it's good, but I'm not opposed to pulling the trigger on condo bad by any means. I think going for conditionality when mishandled by the negative is perfectly viable and more aff teams should do it. I don't necessarily have a lower limit if you want to pull the trigger. As long as your standards are intrinsic to your interpretation, I'm fine with it. I find that the general practice of conditionality can be argued against and potential-abuse based arguments that come along with it are pretty compelling in these debates.
---Case Debate---
Please do more of this, as per my rant above. I seriously love a good case debate. Have good 1NC answers to the advantages and good explanations and clash on the aff, and we'll have a good day. I think that advantages can be beaten by zero risk arguments. I will vote on presumption if the aff has a ridiculous, completely misconstrued scenario with 0% risk of any of it being a thing.
I think that I can vote negative on presumption if a CP has no net benefit but the neg team proves that presumption lies with them.
I prefer framing pages that are specific to the aff. Debate tends to be extremely reductive of ethics and moral philosophy. Conflating consequentialism and utilitarianism, conflating deontology and structural violence, etc. Pointing out discrepancies in a team's framing and the way they view arguments in the debate is very convincing to me, i.e. a team advocating deontology making a consequential claim, etc.
---Impact Turns---
I love impact turn debates. Please be nuanced with the uniqueness question - I need a very good unsustainability argument to weigh against their impact, otherwise I will still give their impact risk.
---Disadvantages---
Please read a full shell in the 1NC. The link is the most important part of the DA, please explain it well. I think the Aff team can beat a DA with zero risk arguments. Please have a reason why it turns the advantages.
---Counterplans---
Neg must prove competition and that the CP is net-beneficial to the aff. I think process CPs are fine, more so if they are topic-relevant. CP and Perm texts should be specific. "Do Both" or others mean nothing unless the aff explains how the perm functions.
Multi-plank CPs should be broken down for me; please explain how each plank functions and solves the advantages. If planks can be kicked, and the CP is egregiously long, then each plank functions as a conditional advocacy
I think that judge kick needs to be flagged in the debate. This can be through saying "judge kick" explicitly or "The status quo is always a logical option", which I take as meaning "judge kick + conditional".
CPs - Novice and JV Debate: Please y'all, you need a net benefit to your CP. I will not vote on a CP that "just solves better". This has happened in almost all of the JV/Novice debates I have judged. Please be a stand-out and don't do this.
---Kritiks on the Negative---
Disclaimer: Though the common theme of this section is that you should explain your thing, this is because I am a perfectionist when it comes to how literature is represented, not because I think teams that read kritiks need to break down their stuff more than policy teams. I recognize that teams that read "policy" style arguments get away with the most blippy characterizations of their arguments too often, and this is a practice that I would like to stop in any style of debate I judge. Both teams will be held to the same standard of explanation of any argument. I despise 5-word theory arguments, framework standards, etc. All arguments have to have a claim and a warrant. Explain the link and the impact of the K in the context of the advocacy you are criticizing.
High theory is fine and welcomed, as long as you show you know what you are talking about.
I need a lot of alternative explanation. What is it and how is it distinct from the aff? Does it capture the aff? Why is it mutually exclusive to the aff? Most importantly, how doe the alternative resolve the links to the K? I think a very convincing way the aff can beat the alt is a defense of your method and DAs to the way the alternative explains the case, if at all. Alts should have a consistent text throughout the debate.
I think Ks should have an alternative or something external that resolves the offense (framework, CP with the K as a net benefit, etc.) I don't like evaluating linear DAs based on K impacts and links if the status quo does not resolve the offense.
In K v. K debates, I need the debaters to explain to me the distinction between the methods. What impacts do each of the methods access? What does the perm look like OR Why does the perm ruin the alt? How does the aff's method resolve the K's links?
Debaters should decide for me whether there are perms in a method debate, but I tend to lean neg on this question. See below.
---Framework/T-USFG v. K Affs---
After the first semester on the water topic, I maintain an exactly 50/50 voting record for for or against framework.
I think that the way that most people evaluate fairness impacts writ large is based on personal preconceptions and biases about what it good. I want to make mine as clear as possible here, while also emphasizing that any framework impact to me is fair game. However, the most convincing genre of impacts for me in framework debates are clash, argument refinement, and iterative testing in relation to how they affect advocacy skills.
I like affs that have creative counter-interpretations that include your method and creative impact turns. If you articulate to me why the aff should be included in the topic better than the neg does, you win. This is best done for me through an indict of the neg's interpretation and the research it creates, not by reading a linear DA against debate norms as a whole.
My only caveat is that I believe that there should be limits on the topic of debate, and I think that the aff will always have a more expansive view of the topic (unless only the aff is topical/some explanations I have yet to find convincing). However, placing at least some defined limits on the aff's interpretation mitigates the offense the neg gets and puts me in a good spot to weigh your impacts against however-better limits the neg's interpretation provides.
I don't think that the reading of framework constitutes violence. Arguments that are loose metaphorizations of debate norms to real-world violence are difficult to win in front of me, and I would be keen to vote on arguments from the negative that that metaphorization is bad. However, more nuanced versions of the "policing/exclusion" DA that involve connections to the aff's lit base and academia as a whole and have an impact that is focused more around your research and education are more convincing.
---K Affs (General/K v. K)---
I'm fine with K affs as long as you have both (A) some sort of advocacy statement and (B) a reason why you shouldn't defend this year's topic. This seems intuitive, but in some K debates I have judged, the affirmative is focused more on the community as a whole rather than
I'm not a great judge for K affs that don't have a robust method defense in the 1AC. I think there is a common trend for these types of affs to defend as little as possible in the 1AC and then shift their explanations to defend whatever suits their fancy in the 2AC and beyond after the neg lays down their core offense.
Because of this, I feel as if, in direct opposition to my previous opinions, I am leaning neg on "no perms in a method debate". It is easy for me to buy that the ability for the aff to permute the K incentivizes writing affirmatives with vague theses to eliminate competition, which hurts kritikal clash, education, advocacy, etc. I think that the negative can do a better job convincing me of this when they read literature-specific offense. Aff, you should have a hearty defense of your method. A specific perm text or hearty explanation, coupled with answers to "no perms" should be enough for you to argue and win that "this perm is good and we should get it". Cards for perms are especially helpful when deciding whether you get a perm or not.
Reflected in the the update above, I find myself spending more and more time reading K literature in my free time. I am familiar with the basics of many areas and their key authors, and I have done some assistant coaching for teams that primarily read kritikal positions, but am not an expert on the latest stuff. Therefore, while I would love to judge more of these debates, I understand that I may not be the best for you in terms of pre-existing knowledge.
Performance - Fine with it as long as it's educationally appropriate.
---Lincoln Douglas---
Judging LD is something I don't commonly do, but you can translate a lot of the above here.
ATTN: My standard for what is a complete argument is high for current norms in LD. Claim, Warrant, Implication. Make less arguments and use that time to make better quality arguments.
I am best for policy debates, quality T/Theory debates, and Policy v. K debates.
I am fine for K v. K debates, and my reading and debate style has put me in way more of these than in the past.
I am less ok for dense phil. I need a lot of explanation and impacting.
I am not good for frivolous theory or tricks.
---Public Forum---
I don't normally judge PF but I have done it off-and-on and coached the event as well. Overall I dislike "PF-isms" like "we tell you", etc. and I don't think that PF gets a pass from engaging in good extension and rebuttal norms, i.e. nothing is "sticky".
If you are collapsing onto something/kicking something, you need to say so.
Paraphrasing is bad.
Send me all cards read in the debate or else your speaks are capped at a 25.
The only time something is extended for you is the First Constructive in the First Rebuttal. Other than that, you need to do the extensions yourself.
"Delink" is a pet peeve phrase of mine. It's a "no link" argument.
Weighing is extremely important. The teams that do the best weighing and meta-weighing are usually the teams that win my ballot just because I don't think teams implement this well enough.
---Bottom Level---
Behavior - Being rude/obnoxious gets speaks taken away.
Please be humble and considerate if you win and patient if you lose. As long as I'm in the room, no comments should be made about the skill of your opponents or their knowledge on certain subjects. Post-rounding is welcomed until it crosses the line from picking my brain to being angry at me for not seeing that you are so obviously right. If you have a habit of post-rounding aggressively, break it. I have PTSD and will not spare a second going to tab if you react in a way that may trigger an anxiety attack.
I will intervene and stop a round if I think that there is violence, physical or verbal, that endangers those participating in that round. Those who perpetuate the violence will receive an instant loss, 0 speaks, and coaches will be contacted. I will fight tab to give you 0 speaks or have you ejected.
Evidence Ethics Violations - Clipping, Paraphrasing without reading the evidence, and cutting evidence out of context is what I define as academic dishonesty. Academic dishonesty mean an instant loss and I will award you the lowest amount of speaks that the tournament allows.
I understand the novelty of the activity for novices, but I hold JV and Varsity debaters to the standard of being able to properly read a card.
To quote Ryan McFarland, “Clipping is cheating no matter the intent."
Harvard '28 | SA-HSLA MA '24
-
Who am I?
[Long Time Policy Debater]
[Previous Experience: Lexington Semi Finalist 22, Dragon Invitational Semi Finalist 21, Various Speaker Awards, Dragon Invitational Semi Finalist '22]
[Flex Debater]
Arguments
Run what you wish (MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND IT)
[Aff: Topical version of the Affirmative, Keep is simple if it is a Kritik]
[Negative: Kritiks (Love them if they are allowed) (Please use a Counter Plan and make sure you know how to counter a permutation)]
Spreading/Speaking:
You are able to spread but make it where I can fully understand you
What I want from you?
Call me Zack, not judge
30s are given to speakers who are able to demonstrate high understanding of the topic at hand
Run Jokes, +0.25 if you make a joke about your argument and it can be correlated with it, -0.1 if you're mean and unkind with the joke +0.5 if you make a personal example [you'll start at 27.5 with me and go up or down based on how good or bad you do as a speaker]
No (Racism, Sexism, Homophobia, Etc, as it will not be allowed in the judging space)
Be Respectful
Email me (always)
Zackfdebate@gmail.com [Possibly could change] [Or simply ask]
Quick Notes:
- email chain: harrison.hall1999@gmail.com (use for additional questions after round)
- available for virtual coaching on weekends
- tech > truth generally, but I am fond of epistemology arguments
- fully extend unique impacts speech to speech
- restating taglines is not persuasive; extensions need to include interactive warrants
- this is a shared space so please make it accessible
- I need clash and comparative impact calc to stay awake
- jargon/buzzword spamming is not persuasive & mucks up the flow; signpost with intention
- evidence evaluation is very important to me; send out cut speech docs before speaking
Experience:
- 4 years of local & national LD for Centennial High School
- 3 years of policy for the University of Wyoming (executive authority, space policy, & alliances)
---LD AFF's---
1 Person Policy:
- fiat means that the advocacy of the aff is impervious to domestic political inherency for sake of comparative world construction; nothing more
- moderately high threshold for durable fiat; I need 1-2 warrants for it
- more than 30 seconds of frontlines designed to enable abuse are annoying & obvious; just prep the incoming shell and stop wasting 1AC time
- whole resolution please
- framing is optional but encouraged
- try not to write reverse engineered, impact oriented cases that epitomize security k links; you can still win on tech but I'll be a little bored
Traditional:
- framework should be reasons to prefer a method of evaluation for impacts and/or truth in the round, not just definitions
- definitions should have their own section to clarify ground (and function as interpretations for T)
- LD is a debate of philosophy (aesthetics, axiology, epistemology, metaphysics, ontology, etc.), not just vaguely imperative morals; specify your prescribed philosophy to avoid ranting about subjective morality
- if you read an ends-based criterion/standard of any kind, YOU NEED SOLVENCY
- if reading a means-based criterion/standard, you do not need solvency; you also cannot access ends based impacts of any kind
Kritikal:
- discourse, performance, pedagogy, affect, proximity, etc. are all crucial; show me HOW within YOUR aff in THIS round
- if untopical, provide offensive reasons to ditch the resolution
- the more stable your advocacy is, the more stable my vote is; I hate shifty aff's
- please utilize these arguments with the intent to clash and learn more about the topic
Framework Heavy:
- I need at least 1 bit of substantive/contention level offense to weigh through the framework (link + impact); you can't win off of being endlessly theoretically correct
- unframed offense will be evaluated under util by default; make your framing obvious and consistent coming out of the constructive speeches
- epistemology operates above aesthetics, axiology, and moral evaluations in general until you tell me otherwise
- I interpret LD resolutions as truth testing and/or comparative world and enjoy that specific framework debate
- I evaluate competing frameworks under epistemic modesty, not confidence; the neg can weigh their DA's under aff framing, their own, or default util to save time
- stick to your lit; do not use obscurity as a strategy (ie buzzwordy & vague high theory) or I will punish you
---LD NEG's---
Traditional:
- line by line & strategic grouping are a must
- overviews are vital for traditional debaters; condense and collapse the debate to win on depth
- story telling is powerful in traditional debate assuming it isn't highly syllogistic or heavily reliant on pathos
- underviews are time wasters; further contextualize evidence in the rebuttals
- clearly separate the 1NC case from off-case arguments applied to the 1AC flow
DA's:
- do not read linear DA's, especially multiple
- 'DA turns case' is a swell argument, but absolutist rhetoric is sketchy; be specific when explaining the turn on the link and impact level
- high threshold for vague econ, heg, and privatization DA's ; provide recent and specific evidence
CP's:
- condo isn't inherently good or bad, so debate it
- process CP's are boring
- low threshold for PIC's good
- neg fiat must be frontlined in the 1NC; no private actor, no international, no multilateral
K's:
- not everyone is familiar with k's; please make the debate reasonably accessible for sake of clash
- one off k's NEED extensive framing; ROB's, theory, method etc.
- performative contradiction makes evaluating k's super uncomfortable, so please don't do that to me
- do not read multiple prior question/ a priori arguments; that's just backtracking the k and your offense
- the k should NOT operate as a linear DA with an easy to kick CP; provide solvency for your alternative or don't read a k
- links of omission are boring (high threshold)
- rejection alt's are boring (high threshold)
- PLEASE make presumption arguments if the aff functionally does nothing; I will vote for presumption over deontology in most debates
- THEORY TO PRAXIS; CRITIQUE IS A VERB
---GENERAL/RANDOM---
- DISCLOSURE IS GOOD FOR DEBATE and debate arguments
- I am comfortable evaluating policy, LD, and PF but prefer LD simply because framework is fun
- generic t/theory is not persuasive; keep it explicit if you need to utilize those arguments in a 45 minute LD round lol
- high threshold for RVI's; you need to prove that they provided no substance and wasted our time
- do not be condescending or you'll get a low point win
- do not call arguments or people ableist adjectives; your speaks will default to 27
- please default to gender neutral communication; unless your opponent doesn't like being referred to as a side or speaker position just call them those objective terms
- performative contradiction will affect speaker points, but it will only show up on the flow if the opponent impacts out the implications of the contradiction within the debate; subject positioning is crucial to these/all debates
- speed is # of arg's per minute, not words per minute
- if you spread analytics I want a doc (and so does your opponent)
- I'm a sucker for creative impact turns; do NOT impact turn forms of oppression (i.e. Nietzsche turns), but you can totally go the dedev/spark/extinction good/nuke war good route
- you will get dropped for creating a hostile environment; debate is a game, but that should NEVER normalize violence of any kind
- off time roadmaps only need to tell me the order of sheets to flow
- card/file manipulation will drastically affect overall truth threshold and speaks. CLIPPERS BEWARE
- essays with parenthetical citations are not debate cases and hurt my eyes; please utilize discretely cited evidence in the form of tagged cards
- all authors should ideally have qualifications written after the publication date in parenthesis
- please don't use news outlets as sources
- verbally deliver cards with tag, author, and date included
- using a verbal pause followed by "and" or "next" before reading a tag or transitioning in general is a good habit to form
- vague quotes at the top are a waste of time unless they are funny
- being super formal annoys me; just treat debate like the workspace
- I will evaluate any philosophy and sincerely attempt to remove personal biases BUT for the sake of transparency:
--philosophy I hate: Kant (all), Rand/egoism, vague/buzzwordy Baudrillard, Hegel, rule of law, constitutionality, social contract theory (all), trans exclusionary feminism, humanism, cosmopolitanism, minimum effort Rawls that is just colorblindness, state led communism, judeo-christian morality (all), psychoanalysis, and any Marx that dips into material realism
--philosophy I like: anti capitalist scholarship from the last 2 decades, anarchism that accounts for ableism, Beauvoir/existentialism, Braidotti, Butler, Deleuze ♥, Derrida, Escalante, Foucault, Habermas, Nietzsche other than oppression good crap, Puar, Eve Sedgwick (I love paranoid/reparative readings of the 1AC), schizoanalysis, utilitarianism (especially negative, go Karl!) and skepticism (trix 4 dayz)
- trix are fun but don't be mean or overly obnoxious about it
- I low key think that evidence from Rand Corp. and the Heritage Foundation is propaganda
- k debate should not be a 'race to left' with little to no technicality
- traditional debate should not be a 'race to the right' with little to no technicality
- not a fan of choreographed pathos in debate; save it for speech
- not a fan of bravado, condescension, passive aggression, tiny CEO syndrome, meme-ness or any other unprofessional dispositions normalized by debate
- I ultimately think that competitive debate is a black hole of diluted data bent to the egos of hyperconscious maniacs that specialize in sophistic threat construction, so showing off real world research and communication skills is the best way to generate ethos with me
- my goals as a judge are to:
1) attentively & objectively adjudicate
2) learn & teach via critical pedagogy
3) run the tournament smoothly
4) be paid fairly for my time & relevant experience
Edina ->UMN Policy
Please put me on the chain and feel free to send any questions here: Jackdherzer@gmail.com
PLEASE DO NOT CALL ME JUDGE JUST CALL ME JACK!!!
Respect is very important to me. If your strategy is to belittle, upset, talk down to, yell at, escalate, curse at, or otherwise be rude or mean to your opponents, then you can expect me to give you terrible speaker points. I also reserve the right to end the debate early if I find the behavior particularly atrocious or potentially threatening to anyone in the room. I am very uninterested in the “I know what you did last summer” strategy or any personal attacks. You certainly don't have to be best friends with your opponents, but I do expect a sense of cordiality when engaging your opponents and their arguments. (Ripped straight from Nick Lepp's paradigm)
Novice stuff:
Being a novice is confusing I get it. After the round I can help if you ask questions! Just don't be rude in cross. I won't vote on theory unless both teams understand it. If you know how then please start an email chain and time your own speeches. Just try your best! Tell me why you should win. Tag Team is fine.
CPs
Lean neg on most theory with the exception of process cps which I'm more neutral on (that theory debate should def happen on the perm tho). I won't judge kick unless told to.
Ks
Read them a decent amount. Framework is very important for how I evaluate any part of the K. Middle ground interps make very little sense to me. Often unsure what it means to weigh a representation against a fiated consequence. Perfcons are a big deal to me and implicate every part of the K not just the perm. Perms need clear net benefits especially if I'm not weighing the AFF.
K Affs
Been on both sides of the debate. I prefer a defensible counter-interp over just impact turning but I get thats a lot easier said than done given constraints. Fairness is a strong internal link but not an impact. On both sides I tend to buy the defensive arguements more than offense so dropping your opponents offense is a recipe for a hot L. I am very skeptical of the solvency mechanisms of AFFs that forgoe fiat.
Theory
Condo is prob good. Disclosure/opensourcing is important. 2NC CPs are nonsense but sometimes 2ACs are nonsense so it's debatable. New affs are good. I won't evaluate arguments based on out of round conduct. Clipping is an auto-l regardless of whether or not it is pointed out in the round.
LD Notes: I judge LD like it's a policy round so take that as you will. More sympathetic to neg bias args in this format.
PF Notes: Y'alls theory shells are way longer than they need to be shorten them up. I heavily presume towards reasonability on most theory in this event so violation needs to be large and clear. Whatever you want me to evaluate needs to be in final focus. If finding a card takes longer than 30 seconds I'll start your prep. +.5 to speaks if you send out your ev before the speech.
Random personal taste things
I prefer AFF over aff (it just looks prettier)
I'm a sucker for cheesy one liners at the end of your speeches
If you are not sending out the plan text till the end of the speech, not tagging your cards or just generally making it harder for your opponents to engage with your arguements your speaks will be much lower. Clash is good.
I am okay with judging anything in round. I firmly believe that debates should be left up to the debaters and what they want to run. If you want to read policy or a new kritik; I am good with anything y'all as debaters want to run. Do not read anything that is homophobic, racist, ableist, or sexiest in round. Debate should be a safe place for everyone. A little bit about me I was a 1A/2N my senior year. I recently graduated from Sac State with a major in Communications and Women's Studies. I am currently applying to Law school and will be attending a law school in fall of 2024. I am currently a policy coach for the Sacramento Urban Debate League, coaching at CKM and West Campus.
Kritikal Affs: I love identity politics affirmatives. They are one of my favorite things to judge and hear at tournaments. I ran an intersectional k aff my senior year. If you run an identity politics affirmative then I am a great judge for you. For high theory k affs I am willing to listen to them I am just not as well adapted in that literature as identity politics. But on the negative, I did run biopower.
Policy Affirmative: Well duh.... I am good at judging a hard-core policy round or a soft-left affirmative. Once again whatever the debaters want to do I am good with judging anything.
Framework: I feel like the question for framework that debaters are asking here is if I am more of a tech or truth kind of judge. I would say its important for debaters to give me judge instruction on how they want to me to judge the round. If you want me to prefer tech or truth you need to tell me that, and also tell me WHY I should prefer tech or truth. The rest of the debate SSD, TVAs etc need to be flushed out and not 100% blipy. But that's pretty much how I feel like with every argument on every flow.
CP/DA: If you want to read 9 off you can.
Theory: I will be honest; I am not the best at evaluating theory arguments. I know what they are, and you can run them in front of me. But if you go for them, judge instruction is a must, and explaining to me how voting for this theory shell works for the debate space etc.
I like being told what to vote for and why. I am lazy to my core. If I have to look at a speech doc at the end of the round I will default to what happened in the round, not on the doc.
On a side note, go follow the Sacramento Urban Debate League on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Also, I want to be in the email chain. My email is smsj8756@gmail.com thanks!
Peninsula '25 (hopefully) Yale, Harvard, or Stanford '29 (definitely)
Put me on the email chain: neptunicrager@gmail.com
Do impact calc or I will obviously and visibly flip a coin while staring at you, immediately submitting my ballot following that. You cannot prove a connection between these two things.
Not voting on something I didn't see happen in-round. This includes not disclosing past 2NRs.
+0.5 speaker points for a well-maintained wiki. Let me know if you think you meet that criteria.
CX open + binding, spreading good--this isn't a midwest local (hopefully)
Clipping is an auto-win--just not for you.
Truth > Tech insofar as I will probably try to subconsciously rationalize a ballot for arguments I think are better.
CONDO. It's good, have never gone for condo in 4 years as a 2A, but you can win it's bad--some stuff if you're getting curbstomped on substance and want a cop-out:
If the aff can prove the neg constructed the 1nc in such a way that it was impossible to respond to, i.e. contradictory condo, I'll eagerly vote on it.
2NC counterplanning out of straight turns is annoying and cowardly but you can probably justify it. Aff should straight turn in the 1AR, not 2AC to prevent this. Also, usually it often screws with their offense so be on the lookout.
Number of off doesn't really change how chill I am with conditional advocacies unless your interps make it such--doesn't meet the counterinterp, or the debate comes down to like 1 CP, 1 K vs 3 condo or some numerical comparison where the debate comes down to the merits of that one extra advocacy.
I can tell if you're going for it because you're losing everywhere else and want to turn the debate into a coinflip- I get it, but is substance really that unwinnable for you? Will probably lower your speaks if you go for it as a cop-out but doesn't consciously affect the decision itself.
Have a real interp in the 2AC. Once saw a shell that was "Condo strat skew research dispo solves" and I reconsidered my involvement in this activity. Please, make it well thought-out and intricate in the constructive if you want to have a shot at winning with a blown up 2ar.
K Affs:
I really wanna see a topical K aff debated well. I'm talking Atticus Glen style arguments. High skill floor, but I'll be impressed and give you high speaks if you can pull it off effectively.
Reconsider reading a planless aff in middle school/novice year, but for these debates:
Fairness is an impact and will be unless "just an internal link" is literally dropped
Aff should impact turn neg standards. Your C/I almost never solves their offense and the Limits DA is fire
Very sympathetic to the argument that the only thing my ballot can do is decide who won on a technical level, and convincing me otherwise in the face of competent debating is an uphill battle
Counterplans:
Significantly less convinced of neg's pleas for absurd counterplans on Fiscal Redistribution. Go for the Econ DA! Debate the case!
The Aff should go for theory more. Probably like 70/30 aff in most instances with a well-crafted interp (multi-level fiat, international, multi-actor, honey) (Side Note: Interp's really important. "Process CPs are bad" probably isn't one, "consult CPs bad" probably is.
Send permtexts. It's time-consuming and hard to think under the pressure of a huge 1nc, but competition is a great way out of a debate where you may have zilch against a new process counterplan, and I just enjoy these debates if done well (or competently given it's middle school)
Functional + Textual competition is weird to me. Why not just go for theory instead of making up a new way counterplans compete? Smart perms are fun to see, but seem intuitively bad for neg offense and debate in general.
Offsets is obviously not competitive if they don't have "increase fiscal redistribution" in the plantext. Counterplans compete with the Aff, not the topic--if they're not the topic, go for T!
Taxes PIC competition is 50/50. Aff should have a deficit or be prepared for the Perm do the CP debate.
Universality PICs are... hard. It feels bad to give the Aff subsets, but also probably unbeatable if the neg goes for a PIC? Maybe the solution is just to read social security, idk.
I have a higher standard for advantage CP planks than most. The Aff obviously gets new 1AR answers to planks not substantiated with a piece of evidence if not written out in excruciating detail. If Eagan LS would have read your CP, reconsider.
DA:
DAs are pretty good on this topic, for the first time in forever. You could probably beat every universal BI or JG aff on Econ DA + case--and high speaks if you do.
Contextualizing the link will do wonders. Super hard to justify a neg ballot when your explanation and spin doesn't go beyond the generic 1NC card. If you don't have any specific links, then spin like it's goddamn ballet and go for gold
Rider DAs one of the only probably illegit ones. The best interp of fiat is one where the consequences of the Aff are focused on, not any extraneous BS.
Horsetrading is arguable- it's based on the consequences of passing the plan and the plan alone absent some sort of weird attatchment to it but nobody writes these DAs anymore so who really cares
K:
As the meta moves away from substantively engaging the Aff, I get less and less amendable to neg framework pushes. You don't even have a link to the Aff--you've gone for FW as offense. These often contradict the links, as well--if the aff makes it less likely, but it's also antiblack, isn't it good to prevent antiblack violence?
FW: Aff probably gets the plan but that doesn't mean it's all that matters--best interp is probably that aff has to defend reps but gets to use the consequences of the plan as a justification for them. Neg gets reps links but has to explain why it outweighs the plan's consequences. Both sides agree you can't sever representations from justifications so it comes down to case debate. K debate is case debate!
Perm seems very hard to beat on this topic. When the Aff boxes you into "giving poor people money bad" you're in the wrong parts of the library for debating in front of me.
Alt's super important and people don't put much thought in anymore--go for the perm if it solves the impacts to the K, not the links because double bind becomes real. Alt bad must be a part of the 2ar--"case outweighs" gets you nowhere against competent teams.
Author indicts are gonna need to be impacted out because 20 "deleuze is a pedophile" cards or whatever doesn't really amount to much substantive offense.
Psycho's probably bs. Will be easier to prove I should reject it for unfalsifiability than not.
T:
Very hard to convince me debatability is all that matters with competent precision/predictability explanation by the aff. Predictable limits, precision prerequisite to ground, etc. are all pretty damn convincing and predictability outweighs is generally the aff's best bet.
Not very many reasonable T violations on this topic.
Lean neg on T courts for debatability reasons given there's 0 lit on either side.
Reasonability is just the argument your c/i solves enough of their limits DA that the predictability DA outweighs--explain it more like that instead of "1% risk we solve any of their offense is AUTO AFF BALLOT BECAUSE SUBSTANCE CROWD OUT!"
Non-resolutional procedurals should lose to infinite regress.
Feel free to ask about the decision- I encourage it. It's really helpful for growth to understand how you could have improved your speech and even more so to actually do it (redos!).
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OLD:
I will never vote for the quid pro quo counterplan. Under any circumstances.
I will drop you for using mac. Non-negotiable.
Firm believer in all disciplines being equal- besides mental evaluation it must also be physical- post-round you will physically combat the other team (or because of online debate challenge them to a clash royale match) to determine speaker points and I will give the winner a piece of chocolate- this also means I am persuaded by a challenge of a physical confrontation in the 1ac in order to determine the ballot.
My memory isn't great so please recite every piece of evidence you would like to extend word-for-word
If I see a plantext, auto L and 25 speaks
Condo is bad. Negation theory ONLY justifies the squo
Vagueness is almost always good- if I can't understand what the aff or alt does by the end of the round that motivates a ballot not to mention the strategic benefits
Ground and Grounds is the same word
Truth > Tech- I do not flow and will be evaluating the debate purely based on cards
RVIs are very persuasive- requires significant negative investment to convince me not to vote on it and that time investment just proves skew further
I will not disclose personal moral beliefs- however if you violate any it will make it almost impossible to vote for you
Trump won the election. Take from that what you will. "Biden solves" will result in a 25 and auto-loss.
Do not look me in the eyes during cross-ex- I will view it as a challenge of my authority and any maggots who dare gaze into the void will be consumed
Argue with the other team after the round to determine my decision- look to pf grand cross for an example
Feeding into the previous vagueness point- this applies to speaking too- I will believe you if you say you finished a card unconditionally and accusations of clipping will be punished
My _ key is broken- please do not say any word with an _ in it or I will not be able to flow it and be irritated
Make an obscure reference to (insert unknown debater) for 0.1 extra speaks!
Please warn me when you're about to start the speech with a 10 second countdown and get verbal confirmation by everyone in the room individually that they're ready for you to start- it's important everyone is ready.
Will evaluate arguments either team asserts as dropped as made even if unintelligble earlier
Please pronounce all punctuation verbally- it prevents me from flowing effectively if you do not.
Hi! I'm Abby (she/they)
yes I would love to be on the chain: abby.morioka@gmail.com
Gonzaga '25
Debated for West Campus (SUDL) & at GU for 2 years , just judging now!
I was a policy debater (all speaker positions and flex debater but tended to lean more critical) but I tend to judge more non-policy events now
My general policy is you do you, there is not really any major changes that you can do that would significantly change my decision so debate your best whatever that looks like. I follow my flow, I am all good with whatever speed you want to go at as long as you're clear and if you are not I will let you know, and read whatever arguments you want to read. Make smart arguments and explain them and you will be rewarded.
We are people before we are debaters. Be kind and treat each other with respect.
St. Vincent de Paul ‘16
I like to be on the email chain :)- sara21parks@gmail.com
* NOT FAMILIAR WITH THIS YEARS TOPIC*
Most important thing is be nice and have fun.
I debated policy for four years at St. Vincent de Paul, I was more on the kritikal side reading a lot of Fem on the AFF.
Overall: I was a 1A. I don't know a lot about the resolution this year, so you can totally shape how I view the resolution. But, don’t leave me in the dust; you’re going to have to do some extra explaining. I am not a judge that will do any work for you. Explain every link, impact, interpretation, ect.
Speed: It’s cool with me
Kritiks: I was introduced to Kritiks early on in my debate career and I like them a lot. All my affirmatives were k-affs and our 1NCs were always kritik. However don’t assume I’ve read of bunch of K literature. Explain you’re argument and explain your link. Don’t hide behind big words and power tags. Will vote on a K, but you must explain it clearly throughout the debate.
Framework: I don't believe fw should be the go-to strategy against K-Affs.By all means, include it in the 1NC to figure out ground and the boundaries of the aff. If the aff is abusive and you honestly think it should be excluded from the debate space, go for it. Paint the picture of a world of your Framework and which affirmatives should be included/ excluded.
Case: I think people completely undervalue the case debate. Spend more time on this, it'll help both sides in cross applications onto off-case arguments. Case clash is rad, Case Turns are also cool.
Disads/Counterplans: Run them, but be clear. They get super technical and so make sure you explain everything, don’t assume I know what’s going on in the world. Make sure they apply to the aff and you have good evidence. Don’t forget the perm. I'm open to all Counterplans and Disads.
Topicality: This can be helpful in policy and kritikal debates.. I default to counter interpretations so make sure your interpretation is damn good if you decide to go for it. More importantly, prove that the other team's interpretation is worse. What would the resolution look like under their interpretation compared to yours? Make sure to explain the impacts.
Theory: Read it when applicable, DONT BE CRAZY. If the argument is farfetched I’m probably not going to vote for it. But if someone is running a bunch of conditional advocacies, you should run condo. Edit you’re blocks for the round, otherwise my flow just becomes a cluster of irrelevant arguments.
I mainly stick to the policy side of debate and you see me in the judge pool for a PF tournament just know that you are running the show. Meaning you are doing a lot of explanation on your side making sure I know what your talking about. I am not familiar with PF.
Lowell '20 l UCLA '24 | Berkeley Law '27
Yes, email chain: zoerosenberg [at] gmail [dot] com, please format the subject as: "Tournament Name -- Round # -- Aff School AF vs Neg School NG"
Background: I was a 2N for four years at Lowell, I qualified to the TOC my senior year and was in late elims of NSDA. I don't debate in college due to a lack of policy infrastructure. I judge somewhat frequently on the west coast so I have a good sense of arguments being read on the circuit.
GGSA/State Qualifier: I will still judge rounds technically, as one does for circuit debate. However, I believe adaptation is one of the most important skills one can get out of debate so I encourage you to speak slowly, especially with parents on the panel.
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Tech before truth. It's human nature to have preferences toward certain arguments but I try my best to listen and judge objectively. All of the below can be changed by out-debating the other team through judge instruction and ballot writing. Unresolved debates are bad debates.
Speed is great, but clarity is even better. If I'm judging you online please go slightly slower, especially if you don't have a good mic. I find it increasingly hard to hear analytics in the online format.
Be smart. I rather hear great analytical arguments than terrible cards. I generally think in-round explanation is more important than evidence quality.
I'm very expressive, look at me if you want to know if I'm digging your argument!
Call me by my name, not "judge".
Debnil Sur taught me everything I know about debate so check: https://www.tabroom.com/index/paradigm.mhtml?search_first=debnil&search_last= for a better explanation of anything I have to say here.
Longer Stuff
What arguments does she prefer? I went for mostly policy arguments and feel more in my comfort zone judging these debates. That being said, I moved more to the left as my years in high school came to a close and am down to judge a well-defended kritikal affirmative. I think debate is a game but it's a game that can certainly can influence subjectivity development. Note: I would still prefer to judge a bad policy debate, over a bad kritikal debate.
Online Debate Adaptions
Here are some things you can do to make the terribleness of online tournaments a little less terrible.
1 - I really would like your camera to be on, wifi permitting. Debate is a communicative activity and your persuasion increases by tenfold if you are communicating with me face to face.
2 - Please use some form of microphone or slow down by 20%. It is really hard to catch analytics with poor audio quality.
3 - The benefits of sending analytics vastly outweigh the cons of someone having your blocks to a random argument.
4 - If it takes you more than a minute to send out an email chain I will start running prep. I genuinely don't understand how it can take up to five minutes to attach a document to an email chain lmao
K Stuff:
K Affs: I read a kritikal affirmative all of senior year but on the negative went for framework against most K affs. I don't have a definite bias toward either side. However, kritikal affirmatives that defend a direction of the topic and allow the negative to access core topic generics jive with me much more than simply impact turning fairness and skirting the resolution.
Framework: Fairness is an impact. By the 2NR please don't go for more than two impacts. Having a superior explanation why the TVA resolves their offense and doing impact comparison will put you in a good spot. Switch-side debate is a silly argument, but feel free to convince me otherwise.
Neg: I know the lit behind security, neolib, psychoanalysis, and necropolitics. Make of that which you will. I'm not going to be happy listening to your 7 minute overview. Explain the thesis of the kritik and contextualize the link debate to the aff and I will be quite happy. Winning framework means you probably win the ballot. And as Debnil puts it, "I believe I'm more of an educator than policymaker, which means representational critiques or critiques of debate's educational incentive structure will land better for me than most judges."
Competing interps or reasonability? Competing interps. Asserting a standard like limits needs to be warranted out, explain why your impacts matters. Have a clear vision of the topic under your interp, things like case-lists and a solid understanding of arguments being read on the circuit are important. T before theory. Also a good topicality debate is my favorite thing ever.
Is condo good? Yes, most of the time. Things like amending stuff in the block, kicking planks, fiating out of straight turns are sketchy. But in most debates, unless it's dropped or severely mishandled I lean neg. To win condo the affirmative must have a superior explanation why multiple advocacies made that debate unrecoverable. Going for condo only because you're losing on substance is not the move. Hard debate is good debate. Other theory preferences (I-Fiat, Process CPs, etc.) are likely determined by the topic. However, they're almost always reasons to reject the argument not the team.
Policy stuff? I like it. Link centered debate matters the most, so focus on uniqueness and link framing. Do comparative analysis of the warrants in your evidence. I really dislike bad turns case analysis, link turns case arguments will sit better with me. I think most types of counterplans are legitimate if the neg wins they are competitive. I'll judge kick if you tell me to do it.
university of rochester 2028
debated at mamaroneck for 4 years
ive read all kinds of things and even dabbled in other formats
email chain -- samsiegeldebate@gmail.com
i use she/her pronouns - judge/sam are both fine to address me as in round
feel free to ask me about anything, even if it didnt take place in the round, im here to help you learn!
basics:
prioritize your safety over debate. i’m a resource if you need anything at all, feel free to reach out.
have fun and be nice
you do you.
if you are an under-resourced debater and need some help, im happy to slide you some notes/lecture slides, just ask me!
less judge instruction = less happy with my decision
novices should endorse clash
stop spreading analytics, and send them out preferably
i will likely not say clear, but if you are unclear i will not be flowing.
the death of line by line is real and an epidemic
ask pre round if you want to know thoughts on certain arguments
i will either be quite expressive or look angry the entire debate--it is not your fault i am just focused
for high speaks:
tell me you read my paradigm by saying/typing the secret password: "sam you're the best judge i've ever had"
use cx well
tell me your debate hot take!
+.1 if you show me your flows! (i dont care if theyre good or not, try your best)
things that will get you an L + 25
offensive arguments or intentional/repeated disrespect of your opponents
being excessively mean/humiliating will get you a 27.5 maximum - esp if your opponent is significantly less experienced than you are
I have 7 years of both debate and judging experience combined, ill go into deeper detail before an actual debate round (feeling lazy)
I consider myself to be an all around judge, in the sense that my sole purpose in the debate round is to evaluate it and vote on who made the most convincing argument.
please add me to the email chain: kayleighwishner@gmail.com
Varsity debater at Mamaroneck
she/they
don't be mean or offensive
be nice, respectful, and have fun!
My judging opinions:
I have debated most policy arguments but that doesn't mean I wont vote on a K/K aff I think those are really interesting
Clarity>speed but spreading is fine
I will not vote on any "death good" type arguments
cross x is a really important part of the debate (especially of the 1ac/1nc) so good cross x answers/questions could bring up speaker points
Condo is a voter if you make it clear that it is, one sentence in the 1ar and 2ar doesn't make it a voting issue
and obviously don't clip cards or cheat
If you make a pun/joke about a horror movie you get +0.1 speaks
Spreading is fine as long as you're clear, still fairly new to judging, currently debating mostly substance, not too informed on K-style debates but I'll try to follow it, just explain the links very clearly and articulate the neg story. Theory and T are fine, just don't be frivolous and I generally buy drop the arg for anything except Condo. The base for speaks will be 28, +0.1 for being funny. -0.2 if you fail to be funny. I don't vote on tricks and do impact calc on the 2nr and 2ar. Tech > Truth but I don't buy fake or racist arguments, and if you run racist args you're getting the lowest speaks.
Give an order before your speeches.
Do impact calc at the top of the 2nr and 2ar- explain your args.
Don't read random blocks, contextualize your arguments for what your opponents are reading
Cameras on if tech permits.
Coach for Peninsula
Plz put me on the email chain at Stevenyu0923@gmail.com
My default role in a debate isn't an adjudicator or an educator but an audience that needs to be entertained.
Jokes aside, being funny won't help you win, I will just like you more.
Unchangeables
- When going for the K, framework is defense. You need an actual link to win.
- Any argument goes. Death good, racism good, whatever you want. I won't automatically punish you for it. If it's a complete argument it's fair game.
Tech over truth, but I do find it easier to convince me of args I believe in.
Here few principles on getting my ballot:
Simplicity is good. The more complex an argument is, the more it deserves explanations. So, for the K teams with good link work, please cut out the 10 syllable poetic BS and speak normal English.
Every argument needs a claim, warrant, impact. If it misses one, opponent gets new answers or won't vote on it.
You should debate as if I have 0 understanding of the topic. So, explain acronyms and such which especially matters for intricate process CP debates or T debates.
I find myself somewhat expressive during the debate. Feel free to use that to your advantage.
Speaks
Hiding theory is cowardice. You can and might win but speaks = nuked. The act of hiding theory (reading theory really fast but not in the doc especially in the block) makes you guilty, even if they spot you and answer it. This is my way of trying to deter the practice.
For every min of prep you don't use I will give 0.1 of extra speaks up to a cap of 29.5.
Predispositions:
Fairness is likely an impact. Fairness paradox is likely true.
Condo is good.
Process CPs are bad but likely hard to win absent a good answer to arbitrariness.
Reasonability is likely bad.
Inserting rehighlightings is NOT ok, but the other team needs to say that as a theory arg.
Predictability > debatability
Debates and characterizations of ev > ev quality itself
Timeframe matters, determines directionality of turns case. Turns case is only as probable as the rest of the DA. if DA is 1% and turns case is dropped, it net values to 1% of turns case. So the aff weighs 99% of the aff vs 1% of the DA and only that 1% of the DA turns case.
PIKs are probably bad but likely theoretically justifiable against a K aff. (went for this a decent bit)
Plan text in a vacuum is stupid.
Experience: (2NRs senior year)
Adv CPs + impact turns are my favorite 2NRs in high school. (more than 50%)
Adv CPs + topic generic DA (20%)
Process CP (10%)
Ks/K affs
Fighting against fairness on an impact/impact turn level seems to be an uphill battle. Instead, mitigating fairness with logical internal link indicts or how the aff's FW or how the T interp solves fairness is a much better take. For that exact reason, I tend to think I'm actually better for the K team in these situations. Clash is too defensive and I don't recommend it.
Hiding Borjk in 2NC FW = eye roll.
- K v T FW. Subjectivity formation here is important. If voting aff can't change minds, I intuitively believe no matter what impact turns, microaggressions, or whatever the neg has committed doesn't matter. For the K team, I believe an impact turn to legal precision/predictability here (with the ontology args to impact turn "legal credibility" or "academic expertise about the state" are best). I also believe impact turns, PIKs, and counter advocacies are creative ways to negate K affs.
- Policy aff v K. Middle ground is likely the best interp. Whoever debates with that is likely going to win framework. FW Ks are strategic, but I will respect you more if you debate middle ground as a K team and actually engage substance of case.
LD
Try not to go for Phil or absurd theory. However, you reserve the right to do what you want, I reserve the right to not vote on it.
Lay debate
Please go fast. I dislike lay debate.
Middleschool:
Clarity > speed
Flow
Don't steal prep
Northwestern Debate '26
Mamaroneck High School '22
juliazimmerman118@gmail.com
She/Her
I'm a tabula rasa judge. I leave my personal beliefs out of the round. I have limited topic knowledge, so please explain acronyms. I am a policy-oriented debater, but I will vote for anything that is explained well.
Tech > Truth
Claim - Warrant - Impact
Have fun
Be polite
Topicality: Love a good T-debate. Fewer high-quality cards are better than more low-quality cards. Give me a vision of what the topic looks like under your interp.
Ks: Not well-versed in most K lit. I'm comfortable judging like cap, set col, security, antiblackness, etc., but I have extremely limited knowledge for high theory Ks. I dislike long overviews. Generally believe that Affs should get to weigh plan. I prefer links to the plan. I like alts that do more than rethinking.
K Affs/FW: I have much more experience debating neg v. k affs than aff v. fw. For affs, once again, limited familiarity with lit. For neg, on FW I prefer listening to fairness/clash impacts.
Counterplans: Functional and textual competition. Tell me to judge-kick. Love aff-specific PICs
DAs: Great. Well-explained case-turns make me happy
Theory: I like theory debates. I generally think condo is good.
For Novices: +.1 speaks if you show me your flows
LD Specific (Glenbrooks)
Good for LARP and passable for K. Unfamiliar with Phil. Not a huge tricks fan, but you do you.
Let's limit the RVIs to things that actually matter... Not familiar with topic, so keep that in mind regarding acronyms.