For Congressional Debate, my primary focus is on logical arguments that are well-constructed with quality evidence to support your claims. I appreciate rhetoric and impacts, but I will discount scores if these replace analysis and evidence. Refutations are essential to a strong score but require more than just a claim – give me the analysis and back it up with evidence.

I highly respect constitutional arguments and discount for affirmations of an unconstitutional bill.

It is essential to me that competitors remain in the role of a congressperson, showing respect to the chamber and following proper parliamentary procedure. I encourage everyone to remember to address their colleagues with the proper honorarium (Representative/Senator) at all times, and to avoid using Mr./Ms. personal titles as they both assume gender identity and may be considered dismissive at times.

I respect competitors who are active in the chamber and strongly disagree with the trend of some competitors to press for a base-2 model. Finally, while our U.S. congresspeople may lack persuasive speaking skills, I highly value presentation skills in congressional debate.

As a parliamentarian, I value a presiding officer who is, of course, familiar with both Roberts Rules and the rules set forth by the tournament. However, I do not mind if the PO asks questions to confirm procedures or tournament preferences. The PO should always strive to run a fast and fair chamber to allow everyone opportunities to speak. I prefer to remain as quiet as possible giving the PO the control of the chamber. I will intervene only if the PO makes an incorrect ruling that will impact the results of the session, makes an error in precedence/recency (though I will certainly give the chamber a chance to catch this first), or to insure fairness to everyone in the chamber. I encourage the PO to take charge of the chamber, to rule motions dilatory when appropriate, and to remind the congresspeople of proper procedures when needed. However, I do believe these corrections can be done with respect and kindness.

Though I strive to allow the chamber to function without my input, I will step in if I suspect there is bullying in play, or if I sense discrimination within the chamber, either intentional or unintentional. I support the NSDA's position that every student deserves a caring and welcoming environment—one that is committed to conditions of fairness, fosters inclusion, affirms identity, celebrates lived experiences, and protects from harassment and discrimination.

I have been involved in speech since 1997. I was on the varsity team all four years of high school and was a hired judge from 2003-2009. I have been coaching speech at Grafton HS since 2009.

My favorite categories are poetry, dramatic interp, and storytelling!

*Storytelling: I LOVE to be entertained, and I am DEFINITELY that judge that smiles/laughs during a performance. Please ensure that you're engaging and animated. Don't be afraid to "go there" with big gestures and movements, and be ready for me to laugh at punny wordplay! Please keep in mind that clarity is key; by all means, do your different voices and such, but don't sacrifice clarity--if I cannot understand what you're saying as you're portraying a certain character...you've done yourself a disservice.

*Poetry: I competed in this category--this was my go-to, and it's the category that I most enjoy coaching/judging. Selection is very important to me, and I'll be "clocking you" on your ability to convey and evoke emotion. How do you connect with the piece(s) that you chose to read? Where's the relevance? I want you to move me emotionally--that's the goal. I adore spoken word as well as the classics, BTW, so no matter what you bring to the table, I'm #hereforit!

*Dramatic interp: In this category, I'm looking for range. I want to go on an "emotional journey" (pardon the cliché). I'm "all in" as a member of your audience. I want to either laugh out loud or have to break out a box of tissues! Also, don't forget the little nuances that add depth to your piece as well as to your character.

*Extemp/OO/Impromptu: organization is KEY! Rambling isn't cute--I don't necessarily need an outright "roadmap," but please know that I'll be outlining your speech as you're giving it. Please make sure that you have a structured (but entertaining), logical plan of attack in these speeches! You want to sound confident and genuine/relatable. Also think about the following in the presentation: is there a definite/clearly defined "call to action?'

Hope that this helps! I cannot wait to hear all of the incredible pieces/speeches that you've prepared!

I have limited experience judging LD; however, I have significant experience judging PF and parliamentary style debates. Since I have not judged LD, I consider myself a lay judge; however, I am efficient at flowing so will also be looking for how well you clash and address your opponent’s points.

I am open to all arguments that are clear and supported. I do not vote based on theory. I prefer the quality of arguments, over a long list of them. As much as possible, I keep my own bias out of the debate. A strong argument with effective analysis can sway me either way.

A few specific points:

I start at the average for speaker points and go up and down from there. I am not a judge who inflates speaker scores.

I award clear, concise speech. Does not have to be slow, but make it reasonable, especially since we are in a virtual environment.

Emphasize your key points. Highlight your arguments so I get what is important.

Do not try to “trick” me by talking fast or using a bunch of jargon.

Assume I do not know what you are talking about. I am well read and very aware of current events; however, this is your argument. I may not know what you are going for, and I will not make assumptions.

Debate is an open discourse between opposing sides. Listen to each other. Ask questions. Have a discussion. I expect to see clash and refutes on both sides.

Be kind and respectful to each other. No rude or insensitive comments will be tolerated.

Finally, and most importantly, have fun and learn from each other.