Cornhusker Challenge
2021 — Lincoln, NE/US
PF Paradigm List
All Paradigms: Show HideAdd me to the email chain: atamovemily@gmail.com
I was a policy and congressional debater with a bit of speech experience.
I'm pretty open argument-wise (except disclosure theory). Go for anything and as long as you lay everything out for me, you should be fine. Don't make me do the work that you should be doing in the round.
Keep your own time please :)
I probably won’t know what the resolution is till the 1ac. Do with that what you will
TLDR: Go for anything. Weigh your args. Be nice. I hate disclosure theory do not read it in front of me
LD: I don’t prefer a specific style but know I am not well-versed in tricks and high-level theory. I see this type of theory more during online tournaments so it shouldn't be that big of an issue during local tourneys. I'm fine with phil and trad rounds. I tend to be a bit more engaged during non-trad rounds.
PF: I never did PF nor do I judge PF that often. I don’t care about performance in pf. You could spread and I wouldn’t dock your speaks (as long as your opponents are cool with this and have the case etc). Just give me clear, concise overviews and thoroughly explain why you won my ballot. I enjoy it when teams make it easy for me, especially in PF. Strike me if you disagree with this
Congress: Kinesics and presentation are important to a certain extent, but if your content is subpar then it won’t matter as much to me. I love good clash in congress and hate rehash with a burning passion. I don’t want to hear three aff speeches back to back about xyz issue because then, instead of being a debate event, it becomes a speech event. I encourage you to be aggressive (yet respectful) during cx!
Flow: I will flow everything in the round and base my ballot on what I see on my flow. I don't flow cx unless you tell me to. Tag team cx is cool with me.
Quality > Quantity
Tech > Truth
Give a bit of explanation on your extensions
Kritiks: I have some experience with k's (biopolitics, necropolitics, set col, cap). I would prefer you to treat me as a lay judge with your kritik, though. Meaning, you flesh out every link. Also, if you have any sort of narrative or poem or something along those lines, please don't spread that. It makes me feel icky !
DA: Explain your disad thoroughly. Fully explain how your opponents link and why it matters. If there's no impact then what's the point?
Speed: I'm fine with spreading. Slow down on analytics or I won’t catch everything. If I yell clear once or twice and you don’t comply, I’ll stop flowing.
Theory: If your opponent doesn't answer this then you win the round just give your voters and I'll flow it. I will not vote on disclosure theory because my jurisdiction begins with the 1AC and ends once I’ve submitted my ballot.
Speaks: Speaks are incredibly arbitrary; I have no set measurement for speaks. I tend to usually give the highest speaks to individuals that I felt were genuinely respectful throughout the round. If you’re rude, you may win the flow but you and your opponent's speaks will prob be like .1 away from each other. Aside from being a decent person, if you give me organized rebuttals that make it easy to write my ballot, you’ll get high speaks. Just make it easy for me and you’ll do well
Basically, just be precise, do all the work for me when explaining your argument, weigh your arguments, and be nice!!
Have fun :)
Add me to the email chain: atamovemily@gmail.com
I was a policy and congressional debater with a bit of speech experience.
I'm pretty open argument-wise (except disclosure theory). Go for anything and as long as you lay everything out for me, you should be fine. Don't make me do the work that you should be doing in the round.
Keep your own time please :)
I probably won’t know what the resolution is till the 1ac. Do with that what you will
TLDR: Go for anything. Weigh your args. Be nice. I hate disclosure theory do not read it in front of me
LD: I don’t prefer a specific style but know I am not well-versed in tricks and high-level theory. I see this type of theory more during online tournaments so it shouldn't be that big of an issue during local tourneys. I'm fine with phil and trad rounds. I tend to be a bit more engaged during non-trad rounds.
PF: I never did PF nor do I judge PF that often. I don’t care about performance in pf. You could spread and I wouldn’t dock your speaks (as long as your opponents are cool with this and have the case etc). Just give me clear, concise overviews and thoroughly explain why you won my ballot. I enjoy it when teams make it easy for me, especially in PF. Strike me if you disagree with this
Congress: Kinesics and presentation are important to a certain extent, but if your content is subpar then it won’t matter as much to me. I love good clash in congress and hate rehash with a burning passion. I don’t want to hear three aff speeches back to back about xyz issue because then, instead of being a debate event, it becomes a speech event. I encourage you to be aggressive (yet respectful) during cx!
Flow: I will flow everything in the round and base my ballot on what I see on my flow. I don't flow cx unless you tell me to. Tag team cx is cool with me.
Quality > Quantity
Tech > Truth
Give a bit of explanation on your extensions
Kritiks: I have some experience with k's (biopolitics, necropolitics, set col, cap). I would prefer you to treat me as a lay judge with your kritik, though. Meaning, you flesh out every link. Also, if you have any sort of narrative or poem or something along those lines, please don't spread that. It makes me feel icky !
DA: Explain your disad thoroughly. Fully explain how your opponents link and why it matters. If there's no impact then what's the point?
Speed: I'm fine with spreading. Slow down on analytics or I won’t catch everything. If I yell clear once or twice and you don’t comply, I’ll stop flowing.
Theory: If your opponent doesn't answer this then you win the round just give your voters and I'll flow it. I will not vote on disclosure theory because my jurisdiction begins with the 1AC and ends once I’ve submitted my ballot.
Speaks: Speaks are incredibly arbitrary; I have no set measurement for speaks. I tend to usually give the highest speaks to individuals that I felt were genuinely respectful throughout the round. If you’re rude, you may win the flow but you and your opponent's speaks will prob be like .1 away from each other. Aside from being a decent person, if you give me organized rebuttals that make it easy to write my ballot, you’ll get high speaks. Just make it easy for me and you’ll do well
Basically, just be precise, do all the work for me when explaining your argument, weigh your arguments, and be nice!!
Have fun :)
I debated for Sioux Falls Lincoln for 4 years. I have competed on the National policy circuit during my last two years of highschool on a regular basis. I am currently the assistant coach at Lincoln Southeast high school where I coach Policy, LD, with some PF and Congress. I am most familiar and comfortable with progressive LD and more Traditional Policy; however I will listen to almost anything if it is explained and argued well.
If there is an email chain, add me: dfolkert@nebrwesleyan.edu
LD:
-I prefer contention level debate over standards debate, so any effort to consolidate the standards debate would be much preferred.
-I default to tech over truth
-I encourage creativity with K's, DA's, and CP's to be run within LD, as long as they are run correctly and give me a reason for why that type of position is justified.
Policy:
K aff vs Policy aff: When I was debating, I stuck to traditional policy debate with topical policy aff's over K affs, therefore I prefer to see that type of debate. I prefer to hear a well-warranted and thought out policy aff's over a jargon heavy K aff that provides no justification outside of "the USFG is bad" or the "structure is flawed". I understand and value the importance of an applicable K aff to the topic, but as a general principle I am more persuaded by a policy aff, especially in Nebraska when unfortunately a Policy Aff is rarer then a non-topical K aff.
DA's/ CP: I love to see a great CP and DA combo to an aff over a 1-off K in the 1NC. I feel like a good CP and DA is undervalued in policy debate currently, and would love to see them make a come back. Therefore, from a neg strategy perspective, I will find a team reading an applicable CP over a generic K (such as cap, imperialism, anti-blackness, identity politics, set col, etc.) more persuasive.
K: Again, I am not the biggest fan of 1-off K's in the 1NC, however I do believe K's have a place in a debate when in conjunction with other off-case positions. If you plan on reading a K, either A. read other off case positions such as T or DA's, or B. if you do read a 1-off K, PLEASE do case work. Show me how the K interacts with the aff by indicting the solvency of the aff with the K in the 1NC or turning it, etc. For the K itself, I prefer more pragmatic alts over vague Utopian ults. I am a fan of kicking the Alt and using the K as a linear DA.
T: I love a great T debate, as do most judges! However, key word 'great'. Reading shells in the 1NC and 2AC are fine, but after those speeches I do not want to hear shell extensions, I want to hear real analysis and comparison between your interp and your opponents. I default to competing interps over reasonability.
FW: Against K aff's, I want rather see a good FW debate over a K vs K debate. Again, I would rather see real analysis over shell extensions after the 1NC and 2AC. For me to pull the trigger on FW, I really need a TVA. As I did traditional policy debate over K debating high school, you need to go a little slower on FW and explain arguments more as I am not as familiar with them as I am with more traditional theory and T arguments.
If you have any specific questions about arguments, please ask me before round.
I debated for four years at Lincoln High, and graduated in 2022; I haven't been involved in debate since then so it's fair to assume I have little to no topic knowledge, and may not be up to date with current best practices.
General Stuff
Have warrants, frontline, and when responding engage with the other teams warrants. If you do this and sign post you'll get exceptionally high speaks and probably win.
Anything over ~225 WPM and I'll probably miss some stuff, especially if the speed is just being used to read a ton of new arguments.
Almost always I will prefer one well constructed, warranted (and in the case of responses implicated) argument, over 5 quick and blippy arguments.
Progressive Arguments
I'm reasonably comfortable with theory and evaluating it so if there's an offense in round that merits theory you should by all means read it. I'm fine with you running Ks but I don't have much experience evaluating them. That said, I'd much rather hear a topical debate than a theory one so keep progressive arguments reasonable.
Overall, just do what you want and if you have any questions feel free to ask.
General notes:
- 3 years of debate experience in PF, Congress, and LD, congress national semifinalist. 3 years of judging and a bit of coaching as well.
- She/her pronouns, you can also just call me judge or Adi
- Don't be sexist, racist, etc. It will kill your speaker points and arguments.
- Generally, be nice and polite! Please normalize content warnings for touchy subjects.
- NO SPREADING. I will stop flowing and cross my arms. I will also yell clear and be really annoying about it. I hate it. Keep speed no more than about 7/10.
- I don't flow cross for arguments, but it can help/hurt your speaker points.
- I will not weigh arguments or impacts without sufficient, credible, real (!), sources. Analytics aren't my thing.
- Have fun!
PF:
- I know I'm the minority in this, but I actually don't feel strongly about disclosure. I'll probably vote on the small school response if it comes down to it, but every round is different.
- I will listen to any type of argument (theory, whatever) and impacts (yes, even extinction). Not a huge fan of these nontrad or extreme arguments, but it's not an auto drop.
- If you like to call for cards, SET UP A SPEECH DROP/EMAIL CHAIN AHEAD OF TIME. I'm not gonna sit there while both sides waste time calling for 40 cards just to look at them for 5 seconds and never mention it again. I will start dropping speaks.
- I’m like 70% truth and 30% tech. If you want to convince of something weird, its possible, but I'll default to truth if you don't meet a high standard.
- 2nd summary and final focus are not places for new arguments. There should be lots of weighing and analysis.
LD:
- Mostly the same stuff as PF so see above!
- I don't know must of the LD specific lingo, but I'll listen to whatever! Just be sure to explain it. Pretty open minded here, just don't be abusive. I want the debate to be fun, accessible, and interesting. You can always ask me questions before round.
- I don't have a tolerance for speed. 7/10 max. 5-6/10 comfortably. I don't care if you send me the doc or not - don't do it. I will vote on speed theory. I'll probably auto-drop if I can't flow it. Just don't do it please!
I have been doing debate for a long time. I can handle most things that are thrown out in a round. I don't like incredible speed, but I can handle it. I like it when the argument is clear, concise and performed well. I do not like personal attacks in a round. Keep things civil! If things get too out of hand I will be very motivated to give the round to the most civilized team. Aside from these few things, I am not extremely worried about the content of the round. Whoever's argument is better will win!
Debate Experience: I did Congressional Debate for 3 years at Lincoln High in Nebraska and currently compete in NFA-LD for UNL.
Speed is fine unless it impacts the clarity of your words. If you are going too fast for me, then I will say “clear”.
It is your job as the debater to weigh impacts. I am open to just about any argument as long as the debater clearly explains why it is relevant to the round and how it solves. When cross applying in later speeches, give a one or two sentence explanation of why the evidence is being cross-applied. How does it impact the hypothetical world?
CX is binding. What you say is what your case represents for the rest of the round.
Topicality arguments are best when confronting proven abuse.
If you have questions, then feel free to ask before the round. I am there to make sure the round is as educational and accessible as it can be for everyone.
Gregory Quick: ggquick@gmail.com | He/They
Round Framing:
"My ideal round is one where both teams are cordial and having fun. I think too often we attach our self-worth to the activity. My favorite thing about debate is the people I've met along the way. I hope that the trophies and placements at the end of the tournaments don't hurt our ability to appreciate the genius of ourselves and the people next to us. If any part of my paradigm limits your ability to enjoy the round, please let me know." - Melekh Akintola
My Weird Judge Things:
- Tag Team Cross Ex means you have to tag your teammate in. I think it increases camaraderie and decreases teammates fighting for speaking in CX. To not do this will subtract -.5 pts from both teammate's scores.
- Both teams can agree to do a 'Challenge Round' where I will not backfill using the documents to fill in holes in your speech and depend entirely on your clarity of communication to flow. Both teams will receive a +1 pts to their scores for doing this.
- If you ask for a marked copy of the opponent's speech before CX, and DO NOT reference it throughout the rest of the debate I will hit you with a -.2. It should be obvious when you need it, but too many debates get away with reading ~3 words that matter and
- Banter is allowed/encouraged, we are all humans (I hope), and being able to make me relate to you is a key networking skill that is underdeveloped post-Covid. When you are meeting debaters and judges from across the country, finding common ground or small jokes before speeches is a good way to build rapport. Do not be disrespectful to anyone but yourself. If you cannot have non-elicitory small talk then it would be better to focus on the round and being respectful.
Speaker Point Scale: (What does the # speaker points actually mean):
25 - I physically cringed at something you said. Not sure I've given this out.
26 - I don't want you to do something you did in the round again. IE: bad organization, giving up large amounts of speaking time, being rude to the other team.
27 - You are a decent speaker, but you can improve on your persuasiveness. You need to make The Point of your speech more apparent, and specifically highlight why you believe that I should vote for you.
28 - I think you clearly explained to me your position and were a good participant in the round. You have some areas to improve on to become the best debater you can be, such as; signposting within arguments, fully warranting out your arguments, and explaining how the the points you are winning affect the rest of the flow and round.
29 - Great debating, might have missed some of my specific requests or I believe that there are some areas that you could improve in to make your speech smoother, more efficient, or make some better arguments.
30 - Fantastic debating, hitting major points with clarity and efficiency, requires meeting best practices listed below. I attempt to limit awarding 29.7+ to 1 debater/team in a tournament.
Best Practices:
- Explain the warrants behind the tag when you extend them.
- Use prep time until you have sent the email.
- Look at the judge during your speech, and face them during CX.
- Say "Next!" between cards.
- Also, number your arguments and use your opponents' argument's number when replying in Line-By-Line.
- Send analytics to the other team in your doc. If it is typed it for your speech and you are reading it then you should give it to the opposing team. Also means you should probably fill in the "[Insert Specific]" portions of your varsity's block.
Why? See the conclusion in https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1044670.pdf.
- De-escalating CX when it gets very heated, but still pushing the opponent on key points of the debate. It is key to use CX to develop common ground assumptions that your evidence makes different conclusions on and REFERENCING those answers in the next speech.
- Be a good person outside of the competitive debate round, don't be a gremlin.
I will use these best practices as benchmarks for evaluating your speech and your speaker points. This is a non-inclusive list obviously, but these are areas that I think most of the debaters can specifically improve on when I judge.
Debater Experience:
I debated policy debate for 4 years at Eagan High School in Minnesota and also debated 4 years in NFA-LD at UNL, and dabbled in NDT-CEDA. I was mostly a CP+DA debater, a functional limit of parts of the NFA-LD circuit, but I've gone for plenty of K's and ran a K Aff with some success.
What do you view your role as the judge in the debate?
I think that my role as a judge is to evaluate the round. In the history of judging I find evaluator/policymaker/educator/games playing to be some of the best philosophical roles of the judge. Most teams don't explain how the Judge's perspective affects which impacts, which would be good analysis to make.
Overall Practices:
- Don't take excessive time to email the documents, if emails are taking forever just make it obvious you aren't stealing prep.
- I will say clear a few times during your speech if I am not able to understand your words, but I don't want to keep interrupting you. That means it is up to you to make sure that I'm flowing your arguments, especially in the rebuttals. I will put my pen in the air to communicate that I am not following your speech, so you should take a step back and re-evaluate what you are saying.
- I will read important evidence the debaters point out to read after the round, but I will read the article as a whole and not just read your highlighting of it. I will not use the unhighlighted portions for your benefit, only to your detriment. If you want parts of the card to be evaluated, you should read them. When specifying that I should read a card of the opponent's, you explain what I'm specifically looking for if you want me to understand the request.
Predispositions:
Topicality:
Topical affirmatives are probably good, but see more details on untopical affs below. I like a good T flow but most debates don't access the level of depth to fully explain their interpretation of affirmative/negative ground. Compare standards, and analyze which interpretation/definition has the best access to the standards that both teams put forward.
You need to explain what im voting for, most people are shallow with their explanations. I will reward unique & comprehensible standards/criteria with +.5 pts. (Non-unique: Ground, Limits, etc.)
I default to competing interpretations, but that can be changed based on the arguments in the round.
Theory:
I do like non-abusive theoretical arguments that actually explain what debate practices should, or should not, exist. Being specific on your interpretation, violation, how you are measuring 'good' practices, and explain how meeting your 'good practice' would make debate better.
Increasing the amount of different theories perceptually decreases the persuasiveness of each theory.
Untopical Affirmative Rounds:
I find that this can be some of the most interesting rounds as it immediately gets to underlying reasons that debate is good. This is winnable by both sides, but you must outline the specific reasons that you think I should vote for you (Aff or Neg) at the end of the debate. I will be voting for teams that paint the best vision of what my vote does or what I'm voting for.
I ran Anthropocene Horror at a couple of NDT-CEDA tournaments I went to, and have even voted for a violin K aff that was beautiful. I will not be the preferred judge for K affs, as I will not be as well versed in the specific literature, but am open to new education and perspectives brought into this key space.
In these rounds, I will default to as tabula rosa as I can be, but unless teams fill in the entire line of reasoning from coming into the round to receiving the ballot, judge intervention is inevitable. My tabula rosa means that I am an empty computer that speaks English poorly, has access to Google to fact-check general knowledge and statistics, and may have a heart.
CP's:
I was mainly a CP+DA debater myself, so I have gone for quite a lot of different CPs.
In most CP rounds, it is crucial to compare your solvency vs the risk of the link. It is also beneficial to explain even if statements and explain the internal links to solving each impact.
Competition Theory is underutilized by the affirmative. Explaining your vision of what competition means and why certain actions are not a trade-off with the affirmative is an interesting argument that I have not heard much.
I find multiple plank counter plans ugly, especially when they are massive (literally >3 planks). I have not seen theory on this, but I imagine a well-run theory on conditional planks in a CP bad would probably be pretty persuasive in front of me.
DA's:
Fully explaining the story of the DA should happen in every negative speech it is extended. Re-reading tags and author names is not "explaining the story".
Reading cards straight down on the DA without including them in your explanation is gross.
Both teams should deal with the timeframe of the impacts of the DA versus the timeframe of the Aff. Lots of affirmatives solve the impacts of the DA even without a link turn. This analysis is mostly analytics but deals with the realities from cards both teams.
Other Random Thoughts (as if this isn't long enough):
Even if statements are your friend.
If you cannot defend underlying assumptions about debate. Like; why is debate good or what is debate for, don't expect to win theory or topicality arguments. Put real thought into your arguments.
I don’t consider myself an interventionist, but I won’t support your 5-minute 2NR from a 1-card 1NC Offcase when it's barely extended and forgotten in the 1NR. Applies to Ks, CPs, DAs, and Theory. Affirmatives get the same treatment when the 2AR goes for the 1-sentence 2AC arg, or the 2AR goes hard on the :10s condo bad.
Emphasize key arguments, and do good evidence comparison throughout the debate. Qualifications are important and you should back up your author's claims.
Argument Structure (For Extensions):
When extending your arguments, make sure that you fully explain:
Topicality: Definition (Interpretation of Topicality), Violation, Standards, Voters.
The A2 K Aff version of Framework/Gamework should be similar but more robust.
Disadvantages: Uniqueness (Inherency in MN Novice Packet????), Link, Internal Link, and Impact
Aff's Advantages: Status quo, Impact, Solvency
Kritik's: Link, Impact, Alt
Counter-Plan's: Your Counter Plan text, Solvency for Aff's impacts.
Please add me on the email chain or if you have any questions: shriyasinghraghuvanshi@gmail.com
Hi! I am Shriya Singh (she/her/hers) and I debated at Millard North High School for 4 years in LD; I am currently studying political science and history at UNL. I am open to all types of arguments and case strategies as long as they are framed and executed well. With that being said, read what you are comfortable and can succeed with. :) <3
tldr:
- the way to my ballot is first and foremost impacting out the contention arguments and connecting them back to the framework
- I look at both contention and framework, you need to do work on both
- impacted out extensions made on the flow, rebuilding your case
- worst case scenario: i don't default to neg status quo right away, but the the aff needs to show me a glimmer of hope in order to overcome the neg
General
- please let me know before round, or asap if there is anything I can do to make the debate round more accessible to you. the activity is most fun when everyone can participate fairly and to their fullest extent!
- if there's a trigger warning (tw) in your case and your opponent asks you to not read it and that case/argument is still made in round you will immediately be dropped and reported. don't do it.
- speed: don't really care, go with a pace you're comfortable with and I'll shout out clear if I'm having trouble keeping up
- I pay attention during CX and what is said in CX is binding
- after your speech time has concluded you can finish up your sentence just don't try to finesse some args
- do not care about sitting/standing, eye contact/lack thereof, etc (your speaks are based off of your args and their quality and like if your being mean or something)
Flow
- please sign post and tell me what argument/contention/subpoint you are referring to and on what flow it is
- extensions: don't just say extend "xyz" please impact out the argument and tell me why explicitly I should care about that argument and what it does for the off/neg world
Actual Debate Stuff
Framework
- please collapse the values if you can
- weigh your framework against your opponents, why are you presenting me the better world under your framework?
- pre req. args, fw hijack, turns, try to not make them buzzwords, but they do add considerable weight in your favor when done correctly
Contention Level
- impact out your arguments, identify the effects of things, how you solve, how you do things better, etc, but please impact it out
- warrants should be used to contest arguments and rebuild your case (I don't usually call for evidence unless its going to be a deciding factor in the round)
- tie your contentions back to your framework
- cross apply, extend, and try to write the ballot for me, literally tell me why you are winning.
Phil/Tricks
- I understand basic level Phil and am responsive to it, but if you read it and execute it well its prolly fine, but please be clear in explaining your phil, I just don't know the dense stuff very well and ill get confused
- theory/tricks: clean extensions and implementation of them are very important, please refrain from hitting me with multiple offs for no reason
Kritiks
- open to all positions, please check with your opponent before round if it maybe triggering
- PLEASE WARRANT THE LINK, explain the link story and what your alternative does
- not particular over k over theory or vice versa, depends what happened in round, convince me why I should favor what you think matters more
- ROTB: you have the power to show me the potential of my signature, please do with appropriate impacts and application. Round goes to whomever wins the ROTB.
LARP/DA's
- CP's: needs to clearly solve and have a net benefit, DA over K , if not I will go for aff perm(s) and theory. the aff needs to show why the CP can't solve, beat the net benefit or show that the perm is superior
- DA's: I think they are legit, but you need to show why and how it links to the aff. I'll vote on non-uqniue args, but if not then I will go the aff's no link args, DA turn, or if they managed to outweigh on case v.s DA. impact clac is your best bet here
- condo: don't have an opinion against/in favor of it, so yeah go for ig. depends on how you manage to kick out of it and what happens after that. also remember to ask your opponent in cx the condition of the cp because I do hold the round accountable to cross-ex checks.
Theory/Topicality
- I think these args are most useful when they are used to confront actual abuse in round rather than to bully in the round, but I will listen to and vote on it but the aff needs to present a genuine reason as to why the off is present in the first place
- if its a wash I default to drop the arg, on theory I drop the debater on T, no RVI, creates bad norm/ethic, and competing interns
Disclosure
- don't care, but you should try to disclose if you can
Speaks
- I disclose speaks and then also try to give a reason why they are the way they are
- avg. is 28 and then up or down based off of round
- I do not discredit you for "lack of eye contact" or like "not standing" or "packing up early" do what you are comfortable with, its cool I literally do not care
My name is Jarred Williams. I graduated from the University of Nebraska - Lincoln in May of 2021, majoring in Political Science and minoring in English, and will be heading to law school in the Fall of 2023. I currently working as a commercial developer. I graduated from Lincoln Southwest High School in 2017 and competed in PF all 4 years of high school.
Do:
- use all of your allotted time in each speech
- quote your sources directly, and then provide a brief explanation of what it means and how it works under your argument(s).
- Use all of your prep time.
Do not:
- cut off your opponents during crossfire.
- turn your summaries and final focuses into extended rebuttals. Rebuttals are used to address all points of clash in the round (effectively whittling down the round to the main points), summaries are used to "summarize" these main points of clash in the round and your argument and evidence you have to go along with those points, and the final focus is a brief persuasive type of speech used to explain to the judge why they'll be voting for you.