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KCKCC TOC DCI Qualifier

2018 — Kansas City, KS/US

Novice Paradigm List

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Ramya Chilappa Blue Valley North 3 rounds

Last changed on Sat December 5, 2020 at 1:55 PM CDT

email chain -- ramyachilappa19@gmail.com

I debated at Blue Valley North for four years, and am currently a sophomore at Dartmouth College.

Here are a few predispositions I have about debate –

1). Affirmatives should be topical – I generally believe that means they defend the implementation of hypothetical government action in the instance of the resolution. If this is not your vision of what it means to be topical, you must provide a counter interpretation of the topic with offensive justifications for why it should be preferred.

2). Arguments need to have warrants. I am hesitant to say tech over truth is absolutely true, even if applicable most of the time, because if you cannot explain why a dropped argument is true then there is no reason for me to believe it is.

3). Evidence is important – quality shapes the truth of your arguments, and quality is determined by author qualifications, the source, bias, date, etc., as much as it is by the content. A few good cards will always be infinitely more valuable than a ton of terrible ones.

4). Reading straight into your computer for 5-8 minutes at a time is not debating – you should be flowing, responding to the other teams arguments, doing evidence and argument comparison, and not just repeating the same thing 50 times as fast as possible (which almost always makes you impossible to understand).

A few things you should know –

-I’m not going to be the greatest at following you if you go top speed without stopping, especially on analytics and in the rebuttals – I need time to flow and process arguments.

-I am tired of terrible two card arguments in the 1NC that don’t say anything but then blow up into real arguments in the block. I obviously can’t force you not to do this, but keep in mind that I will be significantly more sympathetic to new affirmative answers if the 1NC was a piece of trash that the 2AC (rightfully) dismissed.

-Judge kick is a logical extension of conditionality – there’s no reason I wouldn’t default to it unless explicitly told otherwise.

Please be kind – debate is an educational activity that is infinitely more valuable if we are all engaged and having fun.

Legend Dillon Derby 6 rounds

Peyton Emler Washburn Rural HS 6 rounds

Last changed on Fri December 9, 2022 at 2:29 AM CDT

Peyton Emler (She/Her/Hers)

Email chain: peytonemler@gmail.com

Background: I debated all throughout high school at Washburn Rural. Graduated in 2017 and went to KU (did not compete on the college circuit). As a competitor I preferred slow to medium speed debates with topic oriented affs and DA/CP/case neg positions. I also competed in flow rounds, but it may be harder for me to keep up with the tech. I want debate to remain an educational and communication based activity which means I will always prefer clear, thoughtful, and concise argumentation over reading blocks of text on your screen. Whatever you’re comfortable with will generally be fine with me unless it is offensive.

Some specifics,

Topicality: Topic limits are good, but you have to specify what those limits ought to be. As I said before, I have little experience with the NATO topic, so I will not know the common Aff/K/CP/DAs. However, I reallllllly don’t like surprises. If your winning strategy is to ambush the other team with a completely unpredictable and squirrelly plan, I am not the judge for you. Aff or neg, impacts must be well articulated and I should understand why your model of debate is better than the alternative.

Case/DA/Counterplans: Case and DA debate is my happy place. I know nuke war/apocalypse impacts are par for the course, but super weak links are nonstarters for me. I think timeline arguments are very persuasive. Counter plans are cool, but its been a while and theory was never my strong suit. You’ll need to explain how the CP operates/solves and provide some form of offense. I don’t like multiple counter plans because juggling competing worlds is difficult for me. Plus you’re almost always better off talking about the case instead of wasting time on stuff you will ultimately drop. Delay CPs…. I’ll pass.

Kritiks: Tbh in high school I don’t think I ever figured out how to effectively approach the K on either side. I will embrace Ks to the best of my ability, but it’s an area of expertise that I am still lacking. However, the alternative needs to be defined and should solve some of the aff impacts. I’d also like Ks on the neg to be tailored to the plan in some meaningful way.

Last quips,

Do NOT be rude (laughing during speeches, talking over people, etc). My experience in debate was overwhelming great, but as a feminine presenting person I cannot tell you how many times I was ignored and excluded. I have a zero tolerance policy for that kind of behavior, and it can/will cost you the round.

Benjamin Engle Wichita East 6 rounds

Last changed on Mon July 12, 2021 at 9:44 AM CDT

I debated for 4 years at Kapaun Mt. Carmel High School and 2 years for K-State.

Email: benlengle@gmail.com

For LD thoughts look to the bottom of the paradigm.

Speed is fine, but clarity is more important. If I say "clear" and you don't become more clear I will put my pen down and stop flowing until you do so.

In the era of online debate I ask that you go 70-75% of your max speed.

Clipping is cheating. If a warranted ethics challenge is made, it will be an auto-loss. If not argument is made I will scratch any evidence that was clipped in a speech.

TLDR

Most of my argumentative style deals with the kritik. Policy is great but much like with the k, explain stuff and don't assume I know anything.

Theory

Don't waste your time reading theory arguments that intuitively don't make sense, you aren't prepared to go for, and/or are just a time suck. If you read conditionality you should explain what particular abuse they lead to or what they force you to choose between that results in strat skew. Bad theory arguments can only hurt your speaks. I need pen time or I won't flow your argument. I default to judge kick but making the argument as early as the block makes sleeping at night easier. "New affs bad" prolly isn't a voter.

DAs

They're great. Evidence comparison is important.

CPs

Your CP needs an internal or external net benefit that outweighs a solvency deficit if you want me to vote on it. "Solving the aff better" is not an offensive net benefit. People seem to make competition a very complicated issue. I don't think that textual competition matters that much. "Positional" competition does matter to me. I don't think there is such thing as a "cheating" CP as long as it has a solvency advocate and the affirmative gets to make solvency deficits.

Case

Case debates are good, woefully lacking right now, and can make other arguments easier to go for. I also think that people need to debate the case for K affs in most cases. Even if it's as basic as saying "ontology wrong" or "psychoanalysis bad", say something to mitigate their ability to weigh case against your off case arguments. If there is literally nothing you can say on case without being problematic, point that out on your framework page. I love analytics on case.

Your T argument needs to make sense in my mind if you want me to pull the trigger on it. If you see me looking confused in the back, make sure you explain your violation. I default to competing interps unless told otherwise. Aff teams need to explain what they mean by reasonability and how it implicates the rest of the neg's offense.

Ks vs Policy Affs

Don't assume I know the complex theory behind your criticism. I am most familiar with queer theory and settler colonial critiques, but do not assume that I am an expert on either. Your K needs uniqueness, or more specifically how the aff makes things worse than the direction the squo is going or the alt will go. I think the aff, in most instances, gets to weigh the aff. What that means (fiated implementation, research practices, etc.) is up to the debaters.

Additionally, since I primarily read the critique, I will hold debaters to a higher standard in terms of explaining alternative solvency and link stories. Don't think that just because your judge was a K debater that you can get away with just reading the K and winning.

T vs Non-traditional Affs

"The clash of ideas is the sound of freedom" -a fortune cookie

I tend to believe that fairness is not a terminal impact. I have a hard time quantifying it in relation to affirmative turns and disads to framework. You would need some concrete, aggregate data that showed people quitting or however you explain why it matters and exclude any variables that don't deal with critical affirmatives. Clash and iterative education are much easier to win in front of me.

If you are not reading a plan text that says "USfg should" I generally think you are wasting your time trying to meet the neg's interps. You are much better off just impact turning their standards and telling me "maybe our interp is flawed but theirs sucks so much more". Not to say that you can't read redefine "USfg", "restrict", etc. but if you do you need to be ready to debate DAs and mechanism CPs. I do think a counter interp is necessary to win these debates, but I can be convinced otherwise.

I think a lot of policy teams tend to look at a k aff, see it doesn't say "USfg should" and determine framework is the only answer. I implore you to go to the other side of the library and find some good critique of their theory. That could be the cap k or any number of criticisms that impact turn the aff (queer optimism against queer pessimism), but just relying on FW only plays into the hands of these k aff 2As.

While my track record in college is only reading non-traditional affs, don't assume that I won't vote on framework. While I had my reasons for reading a critical affirmative, I probably think that policy affs have some educational value so just be real and tell me why you think your legal education/fairness arguments matter.

Method vs Method

The only question I think teams care about for rev v rev debates concerning judges is whether the aff get's a perm. While I can be persuaded by the argument "no plan = no perm", I generally think that permutations are logical in method debates. That being said if the aff is shifting their advocacy every speech, the argument "no perms in method debates" makes a whole lot more sense.

Here are some miscellaneous tips:

I'm displeased by the way cards are read these days. If you have fortune cookie highlighting and 3 word tags, expect lower speaks. Your tags should make a strong claim with a hint of the warrants in the card, which should be highlighted to include sentences that make sense. When highlighting is like, "heg...key...stop...isis...get...nuc", it shows how little you've invested into your evidence quality.

I generally prefer tech over truth when it comes to competing claims, but my ballot will never say I vote aff/neg because any form of bigotry is good.

Reading structural pessimism arguments (Edelman, Wilderson, etc.) when you not of the structural group your evidence talks about (queer, black, etc.) against someone of that subject position is risky in front of me and kind of uncomfortable. The threshold for commodification or paternalism arguments is really low in these debates.

If you disagree with my decision feel free to ask away after the round. Just be aware that if it isn't on my flow, I don't evaluate it. If I can't explain your arguments back to you/the other team, that's usually your fault and not mine.

LD Paradigm

Value/Criterion Debate- I prefer a simpler debate here and am not a fan of vacuous v/c's. In my experience judging these rounds, they tend to devolve into debates of semantics where people are saying the same things in different ways, or people are making assertions concerning the opponent's v/c without any logic or evidentiary proof. The v/c debate, much like the case debate needs to be warranted, impacted out, and comparative to your opponent's. Refrain from clear hyperbole (e.x. "They justify the Holocaust/slavery").

Case- Aside from problematic arguments (racism, homophobia, sexism good, etc.), I am fine with you reading whatever you please. Do comparative impact work across the AC and NC flows and connect your arguments with the v/c debate and you'll be fine.

Bijan Esfandiary Blue Valley West 6 rounds

Last changed on Mon December 2, 2019 at 5:23 AM CDT

Put me on the email chain: BijanEsfandiary@live.com

Debated 4 years at BVW

Debated 1.5 years at JCCC.

ULTIMATELY DEBATES ARE DIRECTED BY THE DEBATERS. MY BELIEFS ON ARGS WON'T MAKE ME VOTE YOU DOWN UNLESS I SPECIFICALLY MENTION IT.

I have bad ears due to surgery so you need to be very clear for me on analytics.Tech > Truth - K debate has exceptions

If a person says any ableist or gender discriminatory remarks - even by accident - I will lower your speaks.

IF YOU SAY ANYTHING RACIST WITHIN THE ROUND YOU LOSE THE ROUND. RACIAL SLURS WILL MAKE ME STOP THE ROUND INSTANTLY. IF IT IS A PANEL I WILL JUST STOP FLOWING.

You can ask for me to view evidence after the round.

I am open to ethics arguments. Example: "After my speech, the round ends and you decide whether there has been an ethics violation, and then vote if you think there was a violation." If its a panel there must be a group decision to end the round.

Impact calc, time frame, and magnitude. Address these adequately.

For me, whoever wins the impact debate, wins the debate.

Please read competitive CPs and have solvency advocates. International fiat isn't a thing without solvency.

Please please please please don't read delay CPs.

Topicality

Go for it

I will listen to the argument: "The 1AC is a Kritik of their Topicality." Many people don't like these arguments but I do.

Make the arg structural fairness outweighs procedural if K team.

Framework

Explain why ontological or material conditions come first. If you win the framework debate I have to evaluate the round and the results of actions through that framing. This is the first place you should start to win my ballot unless you are going for specific in round abuse arguments.

Assume I know nothing and explain it within the round.

Only literature I am pretty versed in is Buddhism, and I will understand most things you are articulating. Most of my knowledge is on Zen Buddhism specifically. Things like terminal nature, interdependence, impermanence, Buddhist methodology, and dualisms I understand and you wont lose me on in the theory side. You will lose me on MU to be honest though.

I also somewhat understand Afro-Pess and I default to non black people should not be reading black authors.

Jack Eurich Barstow School 6 rounds

Last changed on Mon November 4, 2019 at 12:43 AM MDT

Debater for The Barstow School

I LIKE THESE THINGS:

NOT SHAKING HANDS (with me)- its pretty annoying and According to research from the University of Colorado, on average we carry 3,200 bacteria from 150 different species on our hands that are transferred when we shake hands.

Clash. Compare warrants, authors, analytics, everything. Tell me why what you said is more accurate than what they did. I give more weight to clash than quality of evidence.

Healthy competition. Be nice but be better than them at the same time.

Case debate. 7 off case is annoying to flow.

HOW I DECIDE DEBATES:

The flow. My defaults are an offense defense paradigm and utilitarianism, but all you need is one well warranted argument to say why those defaults are bad and it becomes completely up to debate.

Presumption: Very rarely with you win case so completely that there is no tangible benefit to the aff, so unless the aff team forgets to extend a critical part of their case, you should other offensive positions by the end of the round.

CP/DA: Do what you want, include turns case and impact calc early. I've debated this topic, so generics are fine.

Topicality: It's always a voter and never a reverse voter. I understand you just reading your blocks and frontlines in early constructives, but don't just extend standards throughout the debate. Do analysis about where your definitions come from and why that makes it more predictable or better. I don't need a traditional caselist, but if the negative definition stops 3 really abusive affs, list those. Conversely, if the neg definition stops 3 really good affs, the aff should point that out. I have a hard time buying reasonability unless it's specific to the aff, so explain why your aff in particular contains valuable education and is predictable. Winning in round abuse lowers the negative standard for winning competing interpretations.

educaton>fairness

Theory: I will vote for almost any theory argument

Ks: Explain alt pls- I like a good K debate

K-affs: Affs should have a connection to the resolution, but what that means is up to debate. I have read K affs and am familiar with various theory

Ask me questions before the debate if you have any and make sure to put me on the email chain.

I DO NOT LIKE THESE THINGS:

Clipping cards. I'll end the round if i can say beyond a reasonable doubt that you clipped cards. I'll cut your speaks in half too.

Prep stealing. I understand it can take a while to get docs into an email or flashdrive, but after you say stop prep that's all you should be doing. I'll start by asking you to stop, but if it gets too out of hand I start docking your points.

Being rude. You don't have to dislike someone just because you want to beat them in a debate round. Excessive aggressive behaviors will be voted down. Be nice

Too much jargon without explanation.

Lauren Gengler Kapaun Mount Carmel HS 6 rounds None

Michael McMahon Blue Valley North 3 rounds

Last changed on Fri September 30, 2022 at 7:11 AM CDT

Email: mjmcmahon3739@gmail.com

Assistant coach for Blue Valley North

Debated 4 years at Blue Valley North, currently in 4th year at Kansas

One thing that may be instructive for having me as a judge is my speaker points are equally likely to reflect how much I enjoyed judging a debate as the skill of each debater. Debate is a fun activity. The most fun debates are ones where debaters are engaged, impassioned, and noticeably enjoying what they’re doing. I love seeing debaters smile and give speeches like they have a personal investment in what they’re saying. I know debate is hard and tiring and takes a lot of work and detracts from school. But you’re here for a reason, and if I can infer that reason during the debate, I’ll reward you for it and everyone will have a better time!

Here are some opinions I have about arguments and the state of debate. None of these opinions are fixed obviously, I just think it’s important you all know.

Conditionality is getting a bit out of hand these days… the 1NC with a 20 plank advantage counterplan and uniqueness counterplans atop every DA will frustrate even the most poised 2A. I am probably a better judge for condo bad than others. I think debate might actually be better if the 2AC could punish the NEG for a sloppy 1NC. It’d be interesting to see how dispositionality would actually play out

I don’t think 2NC counterplans out of 2AC straight turns are legitimate if they disagree with a core premise of the 1NC. For example, if the 1NC says “X bill rides the plan, that’s bad”, and the 2AC impact turns the bill, I can be easily persuaded the 2NC doesn’t get to counterplan “pass X bill”, because they already said that bill was bad and the 2AC made a strategic choice to develop offense there instead of elsewhere

Small(er) 1NC’s that disagree with the core premises of the AFF will always be better than giant 1NC’s whose only goal is make the 2A suffer and extend what’s undercovered. I get it, I know why it’s strategic, but well-developed offense intrinsic to the AFF is so much more fun to judge and educational for the debaters. If you have the goods to spend an entire 1NR link turning an advantage, that would be infinitely better than a process counterplan that needs 4 minutes of AT: Perm do the counterplan just to appear competitive

Evidence quality and highlighting matters so much. I cannot stand evidence with highlighting being scattered and not forming coherent sentences. I swear some cards these days don’t make a comprehensible argument, and I will not fill in the holes in your highlighting for you

Probably better for reasonability than most. I find the argument “precise evidence shapes the predictability of a limited topic” persuasive.

K’s can be incredibly potent, and I love them when deployed correctly, but too often I judge debates where the K is just one big solvency push. “Reform bad because it makes the state look good” and “AFF fails because nebulous theory of power true, vote NEG” are too defensive. Get specific, tell me why the AFF is bad, not imperfect

Not good at all for any genre of K that says death is good or we should accept unnecessary suffering

The less jargon you need to explain your K’s theory the better for me personally. I need to understand your argument before I can decide if you won it

Really really love impact turns

I think there are only a handful of debaters and coaches in the country who actually understand counterplan competition. I’m in my 8th year and Bricker is still coddling me through this aspect of debate. It’s very fun and interesting, but confusing, so if you can debate that theory well, I will have the utmost respect for you

Regarding framework, fairness can be an impact. It can also be an internal link to a host of other impacts. I think non-topical AFFs should choose whether they want to impact turn framework or read counterinterps to play some defense. I've found attempting both rarely helps the AFF.

Some of the things I wrote above might lead some to conclude I only ever vote AFF lol (you can tell I’m a 2A), that’s false. You can make the block only an impossibly limiting T arg, psychoanalysis, and con con with an internal net benefit and I’ll vote on any and all of them if you debate them well. The opinions above are only there to say it might not be my favorite debate.

Andrew Ott Blue Valley Southwest HS 5 rounds

Akash Patel Blue Valley Northwest 3 rounds

Serena Peter Washburn Rural HS 2 rounds

Ryan Reza Washburn Rural HS 4 rounds

Last changed on Fri December 8, 2023 at 11:18 AM CDT

Very infrequent judge, I did debate in High School, judged throughout college and post-grad.

I am employed as a Data and Policy analyst, be as technical policy-wise as you wish. I am not an expert on debate, so be clear. Have fun!

Updated: December 8th, 2023.

If you want to look @ what I used to judge like, feel free to. I'll use some of this as a reference to when I'm judging, but keep in mind this paradigm is now 4 years old. Also a bit cringe-worthy.

---------------------------------------

Ryan Reza

Debated Policy @ Washburn Rural HS (2014-2018)

Lover of food and liberalism and Tim Ellis

Email: RyanReza12@gmail.com

Updated: 9/7/2019

What's up! First off, don't be rude in round! If you're outrageously rude in round it will be very hard to win my ballot. Be nice, and have fun. Debate is an activity where everyone should be enjoying their time, that is why it was created. Not for you to flaunt around your arrogance.

General

-Tech over truth, must have warranted arguments.

-Debate arguments that you are most comfortable with!

-I won't do your work for you

-Use CX to your benefit, I'm a big fan

-If you have non cringy puns in your intros I respect you more

-I don't know a lot about this topic yet, so explain acronyms you might use or specific theories etc. Else I won't know whats happening probs

Speed

Listen I'm a little out of the whole speed thing. I am going to assume you're faster than I was in HS, however, if you are clear I will be able to follow along. If you are not clear, I will say "clear". If you do not become clear after I have said it, I'll wait a couple seconds then stop flowing.

Theory

-Reject the arg, not the team for all instances besides maybe condo

--For Condo there should be some pretty heavy in round abuse, and you have to prove it to me. Don't just read blocks, use your head.

I'm a fan of topicality. But because I'm lazy and Tim worded it well enough here is an excerpt from his paradigm

Topicality is usually a question of competing interpretations, but just like anything else in debate, you can persuade me otherwise. I tend to think that debaters are not great at explaining the offense that they have on T flows, and particularly, how offensive arguments interact with one another. All too often the neg will go for a limits DA and the aff will say precision, but no one will discuss which one has more value in creating a stable model for debate. Reasonability is an uphill battle for me, but I find myself being more persuaded by it as neg teams get worse and worse at extending an impact to their T argument. As far as spec debates, I usually find them quite dull, and it will take a pretty egregious violation or a crush of a spec debate for me to vote against someone for not specifying agent, funding, etc.

Thank you for listening to Tim's ted talk

Ha I'm not too familiar with this aspect of debate. If you run an aff w/o a plan text that is perfectly fine. All you have to do is explain it to me and why your standard of debate is better for the activity and whatnot. If you just give me depth less arguments about how debate sucks now and the USFG is bad then it will not be an easy ballot to win. I will most likely lean negative in these types of debates, because fairness typically aligns towards the neg in these debates. But the negative team needs to do work if they want to win. Having offense on case and on top of that adding external impacts is important. Don't just throw together BS arguments at the end of the round, you'll need to do work to win.

Regardless, you do you. Explain your arguments, answer the other team's. You'll gain a ballot. Probably.

Kritiks

I am not to well versed in K literature, however, that does not mean I won't vote on it. Traditionally, if the team does a good job of explaining the world of the kritik and how the kritik is good, then they will be fine. If you read a K just to confuse your opponents, you will also confuse me.

-I think you should try and explain to me how the K looks in the debate, whether that is the post plan implications or whatever is happening in the round.

-Explain the alt well. That is probably important. Having good links to the aff is a plus, if it is a bunch of SQUO stuff it won't be very convincing.

-If the neg goes for FW be sure to explain the argument throughout the debate. And have a specific interpretation for me to vote on.

DAs

Big fan. Big fan. Big fan. I love me a good Disad.

-Try and have specific Links

-Politics DAs are pretty good. They might not make sense a lot of the time but you know

-Be sure to cover Case along with the DA. That is a pretty spicy combo in my eyes

-Have a nice internal link chain. I wanna know why doing the aff causes the world to explode into a ball of fiery doom

-Not too sure what else to say. Explain the world of the aff and how the DA trumps all Aff benefits

CPs

CPs are good. CP + DA is always good. I'm not super technical and informed on CP theory but:

-Delay CPs, probably bad

-Consult/Conditions CPs, def bad unless they have a specific solvency advocate

-Cut the other team's solvency advocate and make it into a CP. That is pretty spicy.

-Word PIC's are annoying

Speaker points (I'm still figuring this out so it could be different in the future and whatnot)

29.4+ -- Straight fire (One of the best I've seen)

29-29.3 -- Speaker Award at the tournament

28.6-28.9 -- Good, no complaints in terms of speaking ability (Above Average/Average - comments will determine)

28.0-28.5 -- Didn't do anything distinctly "wrong", critiques here and there about issues (A bit below average - you're getting there)

27s -- Dropping arguments, ending speeches early, etc. (Needs improvement - but hey you'll get there)

If you get anything below a 27 it means there was something that did not belong in the debate. Meaning rudeness, cheating, etc.

Idk other stuff that is probably important

Don't just say random debate words. Have warrants for every argument you make. BE CLEAR for analytical blocks. Have fun.

-1AR must be fire. It's a requirement

-Make jokes. If they are bad I will dock you speaker points (-.5 per joke), however, if they are good you will get additional points (+.5)

Reminder don't be awful in round.

Jack Robertson Blue Valley Southwest HS 5 rounds None

Tyler Woodcock Shawnee Mission South HS 3 rounds

Eric Wright Barstow School 6 rounds

Last changed on Wed October 31, 2018 at 11:19 AM CDT

eric.wright@barstowschool.org

Please put me on the email chain.

I LIKE THESE THINGS:

Clash. Compare warrants, authors, analytics, everything. Tell me why what you said is more accurate than what they did. I give more weight to clash than quality of evidence.

Healthy competition. Be nice but be better than them at the same time.

Case debate. 7 off case is annoying to flow. Engage with the case as much as you can.

HOW I DECIDE DEBATES:

The flow. My defaults are an offense defense paradigm and utilitarianism, but all you need is one well warranted argument to say why those defaults are bad and it becomes completely up to debate.

CP/DA: Do what you want, include turns case and impact calc early. I've debated this topic, so generics are fine.

Theory: I lean aff on process, consult, and state cps, but aff teams still need clash on the theory debate, and it's rarely a valid reason to reject the team. With condo, it depends on how many advocacies the neg runs, how contradictory they are, if they kick an advocacy when it was straight turned, but aff teams shouldn't bet a round on winning condo bad against one advocacy without any abuse. I don't often see a valid remedy to condo bad other than reject the team, but feel free to advance your ideas.

Ks: I haven't run them. I need alt explanation. Don't use too much jargon. I will try to judge as fairly as possible with ROB, Framework, and root cause.

Non-tradition affs: Affs should be topical, but what that means is up to debate.