CANCELED The Patriot Debates
2020 — Independence, MO/US
Policy Paradigm List
All Paradigms: Show HideExperience things:
Graduated from College Debate. 4 years NDT, 4 years NFA-LD, 4 years HS, coach HS CX too
He/Him
yes email chain, sirsam640@gmail.com
Please read an overview. Please. It will only help you and your speaks.
Speed is fine - please be clear
Tech over Truth always - the debaters make the argument, not what my preconceived notions of what is truthful/real arguments are.
1. I was frequently in policy v K rounds on both sides. At the 2022 NDT 8/8 rounds were K rounds for me, and 2023 2/8 were K rounds. I read a K aff with my partner one year, then an extinction aff the next year. I went for FW/cap the other half of the time. I am a clash judge and vote for K affs as much as I vote for FW versus them.
2. k affs justify why your model of debate is good impact turns to T are fine
3. 2nrs need a TVA (unless the aff just shouldn't exist under your model which is rare but can happen)
4. condo is good but fine voting that its bad
5. judge kick is probably bad, but if neg says its good and aff doesn't reply I'll judge kick
6. I went for impact turn 2NRs/1ARs a significant portion of my rounds
7. win that your reps are good affs
8. I think perms are a little bit underrated - they probably overcome the link and shield any residual risk.
9. Judging more and more I realize how awesome impact calc is in 2NR/2AR - I definitely think about debate in offense/defense paradigm and often vote for whoever's impact is bigger and accesses the other teams
Theory
CPs need a net benefit in order to win. The role of the neg is to disprove the aff, not just provide another alternative that also fixes the aff. "Solving better" isn't a net benefit. I have voted aff on CP solves 100% of the aff but 0% of net benefit.
PICs are good vs K affs. Pretty strong neg lean on this. It rewards good research.
Don't read death good in front of me.
T
I have come around a lot on T. I think that affs get away with too much in terms of being resolution-adjacent.
Competing interps > reasonability (as law school goes on, I am reverting back to reasonability. This is probably 55/45%ish)
Ground is probably the biggest impact in T debates IMO, I think specific links to affs is the largest internal link to good debates.
I think that community norms is very unpersuasive to me. I do not really care what the rest of the community thinks about T, I'm judging the round, not the community lol
PTIAV is silly but gotta have a decent answer to it.
Affs need to just have a large defense of "no ground loss" and "aff flex/innovation outweighs"
Likely the best way to win T in front of me regardless of side is to just impact out whatever you think is your strongest standard, and make it outweigh your opponents. I spend less time thinking about the specific definition of words and more time about what the models of debate look like (though if debaters tell me to evaluate interps in a specific way I will definitely spend time on it).
PF specific
You do you and I will evaluate to the best of my ability! Any questions feel free to ask pre-round!
You don't need to ask for x amount of prep, just take "running prep" unless you specifically want me to stop you when that time ends.
Last speech should start out with "you should vote aff in order to prevent structural violence which comes first in the round" or something like that. Write my ballot for me.
I find it very hard to vote on something that I don't understand, so while impacts matter a lot I need to understand the story of how we reach the impact
Debated at Missouri State and graduated in 2004
Executive Director of DEBATE-Kansas City until 2017
Assistant Coach and then Head Coach at Barstow starting in 2018
Online update - I have done little online judging, so I don't know how it may alter my ability to understand top-end speed. Based on the other judges, it seems going a touch slower and focusing on clarity helps judges get more on the flow.
Yes, I want to be on the chain, and please be as efficient as possible with the emailing. Email: gabe.cook@barstowschool.org.
I am open to almost any argument, but I defer policy. I like a compelling narrative, especially in the link debate. I value both technical skills and argumentative truth. Clarity and flowability will increase speaker points and chances of winning.
T - I defer to reasonability on T and I do not mind larger topics. That doesn’t mean I won’t vote on T if you win the argument. Limits can be the cleanest standard for the neg to win but I also find ground loss important to provide context. I want both sides to explain the model of debate your interp creates and impact why it’s comparatively better.
K-AFF/Framework - I am fine with kritik affs, but I will also vote neg on framework. TVAs can be persuasive for the neg, and both sides should focus on what their model means for debate. I believe k affs need a topic link and a clear method for the negative engage. I lean towards believing you do not get a perm in a method vs. method debate.
Case - Here is where I copy and paste from every judge paradigm and say I want more case debate. I dislike AFFs with lousy internal links, and I will reward NEGs that take the time to point out flaws in AFF ev.
K - You need a specific link, and I appreciate it when debaters use lines from the 1AC to get a link. I am open to voting on presumption/turns case. But you need to explain how the K actually eliminates solvency and/or turns the case, and contextual examples help.
By default, I evaluate ontology, epistemology, discourse, and AFF consequences through the lens of link and impact rather than as something resolved or excluded by debate theory.
NEG FLEX - I generally believe the negative should have the flexibility to run a K and disads as long as they don't try to create and go for double turns.
DA - The starting place is to be on the right side uniqueness. Then I need a compelling link story contextualized to the AFF. Impact comparison is obviously essential. I will vote on effective AFF criticism and/or takeouts of low probability disads.
When I debated I went for politics often, and I still cut a lot of politics cards. For me, uniqueness research determines the viability of any politics DA. I don’t like forcing a story because of the links or impacts. I appreciate nuanced and clever link stories, and I will reward NEG teams that have a compelling link story.
CP - I like core of the topic CPs and smart PICs. I dislike process CPs with little topic literature that compete only at a textual level. I also dislike consultation CPs. This doesn't mean I refuse to vote for them, but that I am receptive to theoretical objections and solvency arguments.
Condo/Advocacy Theory - I believe the fairest standard is to give the NEG one conditional CP and one conditional K. Or I think you can have unlimited dispositional advocacies. The more advocacies the neg runs, the more grounds the aff has for a condo argument.
Points
29.6 – 30 – Approaching perfection to perfect.
29.1-29.5 – Excellent
28.5 – 29 – Above average to very good.
28.4 – Average
28.3– 27.7 – Slightly below average to below average
27.6 – 27 – Below average to well below average.
26.9 and below – Bad to potentially offensive.
Stanford 24' is my first tournament on the HS topic
I debated at Missouri State for three years and had moderate success. I am now out of the debate community but judge every so often.
Email: engelbyclayton@gmail.com
TL;DR
I slightly prefer policy arguments more than critical ones. I want to refrain from intervening in the debate as much as possible. Extinction is probably bad. I think debate is good and has had a positive impact on my life. Both teams worked hard and deserve to be respected.
My beliefs
-Aff needs a clear internal link to the impact. Teams often focus too much time on impacts and not enough on the link story, this is where you should start.
-I like impact turns that don't deviate from norms of morality.
-Condo is good.
-Fairness is not an impact within itself but could be an internal link to something.
-Kritiks are interesting. Explain your stuff.
-Weighing impacts, evidence comparison, strategic decisions, and judge instruction can go a long way.
Yes, email chain or speechdrop are fine. brayden.king99@gmail.com. Also, if you have any questions, feel free to email them to me and I will try to respond as promptly as possible.
If there are questions you have before round that aren’t answered in this paradigm, then feel free to ask!
Background information:
Lee’s Summit High School (MO) 2017
Missouri State University 2021 (NDT/CEDA and NFA LD)
I did debate all throughout high school and college with nearly all that experience in policy debate. I competed in NDT/CEDA tournaments for my first two years and NFA LD throughout.
I want to be able to be lazy in judging, so give me clear impact calculus and overviews, and be sure to follow the flows.
General opinions on debate:
truth over/equal to tech
It’s a game, and there are some rules to that, particularly in H.S., but that doesn’t inherently mean you need to follow them. You can make arguments and give reasons as to why some of the rules may be bad and shouldn’t be followed. E.g. Planless affs- there are many reasons why not upholding U.S.F.G. action is bad (and many why it is). These are debates that can be had. Clash and standards are key here, but don't just spout "fairness and education", especially if it's in a rebuttal. I will hold to you explaining why those are good and the impacts to them.
I probably won't have any problems with speed, but if you’re too fast or unclear, then I’ll let you know.
Policy things:
I lean on the side of extinction outweighs on impact magnitude, but good impact calculation can sway me otherwise. Especially if there was significant work done on reducing the link and/or internal links to extinction. I weigh magnitude, time frame, and probability evenly. If one side explains why extinction-level scenarios are impossible or almost impossible and the other side just says, but extinction outweighs, then the ballot will go to the former.
Impact calc is super important, so please do some!
Please explain how your CP/DA/case turns interact with the affirmative’s case and vice versa. Having a clear link and internal link chain is paramount to effectively weighing your arguments in the rebuttals.
CPs don’t necessarily have to solve all of case if the net benefit outweighs, but you should still tell me why that’s important, and make that argument yourself.
PICs are probably good, but can be abusive (especially with multiple) and, in the round, I will try to have a blank slate on the theory debate.
K things:
Clash is key. Link and perm debates are a mess if you don't know what the alternatives are or how they interact with each other.
Impacts matter! Be sure to explain how to view and weigh them.
PIKs can be legit, but there better be great explanation on how and why.
Form and Presentation:
Generally, I evaluate speaker points on how well the arguments were presented, explained, etc and less on just sounding pretty. While sounding good is still important, I would prefer a more in-depth explanation of your arguments - find a balance between speed and eloquence.
Be respectful! Debates that get excessively aggressive towards a team or specific individuals in round are not fun and are not things I want to see. Win the round by out-debating the other team, not by trying to make them look bad. I WILL dock your speaks if you act indecently and will not tolerate disrespectfulness.
For Policy, my paradigm is a combination of Gaming Model and Legal Model. I also have sympathies for the Legislative Model.
For LD and other non-Policy debate, I consider the classical model of persuasion (ethos, pathos, logos).
I'm predisposed against counterplans, so the NEG had better convince me it's the right argument for the *specific* AFF case. Otherwise, I'm judging two AFF's, which is not what secondary ed debate is about.
Brenden Lucas
He/Him
Senior @ MoState
Yes email chain: brendentlucas@gmail.com
This is by no means comprehensive, it's just a few highlights to look at when the pairings get blasted.
I did 4 years of CX at Raymore-Peculiar High School, and now do NDT-CEDA at Missouri State
2X NDT Qualifier
My preference is fast, technical policy throwdowns. But, don't let that sway you from doing what you prefer. Do you and I'll adjudicate it.
If you need to use the restroom or step out of the room you don't have to ask.
Disclaimer for HS Topic: I'm not as active in high school coaching as I was last season, I don't really research or think about the topic all that much so watch your use of jargon.
CPs & DAs
I'm a big fan of CP disad debate, most of my HS 2NRs were CP disad.
The way I evaluate a disad doesn't deviate from the norm. Have all four parts and do impact weighing.
Turns case args are very nice
I'm down with most counter plans, especially agent and process. However, "cheating" counterplans like delay will not jive with me so keep that in mind.
I default to judge kick
T
Competiting interps is better than reasonability
Plan text in a vacuum is cool for me
Theory
Deep in my heart, I think condo is good. But, I'm open for a good condo debate. Tbh I prefer affs that limit the neg to 1 or none as opposed to like 1 and dispo or infinite dispo.
Most theory args are reasons to reject the argument, not the team.
K's
I think the topic is generally good and that debates about the topic are also good.
I'm not opposed to K debates, but my limited lit knowledge and liking for framework could make it an uphill battle for you.
I have voted for K affs before, FW is not an auto dub, debate well and you shall be rewarded.
Fairness on framework is a good impact imo.
TVAs are legit
"You link you lose" is nonsense. Teams can win by bitting the link and winning independent offense on the alt, so keep that in mind.
Other
If you read death good, I'm auto-voting against you and giving you the lowest speaks possible.
LD & PFD
I don't have a lot of detailed thoughts for these types of debates. I think they are valuable for students but my judging is policy-focused; so just do what you do best and I will judge accordingly.
Current high school Senior debating at The Barstow School.
If you're doing prefs or pre-round prep, for speed the bolded parts should sum up everything you need pretty well.
I'm a bit more familiar with critiques as that's what I've read for most of high school, but that doesn't mean I don't like a good policy round. Most of my experience has been with settler colonialism/Deleuze/orientalism/cap, but that shouldn't dissuade you from reading whatever you're most comfortable with (unless it's death good, racism good, etc ... if that's your a-strat, just don't pref me).
Insights to get my ballot:
You need impact calc too many teams stand up and say "the aff is good because _____" which yes, may be true, but tell me why your impacts are comparatively better than your opponents. I think timeframe is very persuasive - "you can't die twice" is a plausible argument.
Ontology is important - if the other team concedes it, it's your job to tell me what that means, but when well done I'm inclined to vote on it alone.
Judge instruction is key- you should start your 2AR/2NR with WHY YOU WIN THE DEBATE. Write my ballot for me. If you've done this well you will hear your words in my rfd. This makes your speaks higher and clears up the debate to make my decision easier. However, I should also be able to draw a line between speeches so start emphasizing your winning arguments early on.
DAs
Like I said above, impact calc is of cRuCiAl importance. I do think there can be a zero risk of a DA - and I love a good straight turn. Specific link work is key - I don't want to hear generics to literally any political action, the more specific link work the better. Tell me why the DA turns the case.
CPs
Good stuff - planks are annoying because they usually get messy down the line so keep my flow clean and you'll be set. Make the net benefit clear - I'm hard pressed to vote on the CP's only net benefit being "it solves better than the aff", but if well done I won't shy from it completely
T v Policy
Do what you do but give me instructions - I don't really care what you read but *warning* aspec is boring. Use it well.
FW v K affs
Ericson 3 and Pearson with the words "ground" and "limits" at the bottom does not constitute a FW block. Do more work here - people underestimate the power of creative 1NC spin. I have a high bar for procedural fairness as a terminal impact because it's almost always just an internal link to things like education and advocacy skills. The game isn't just good for the game's sake but warrant out your arguments more and you're golden. For affs, don't just list off a dozen different disads with the same impact ... think about a strong framing DA for the flow and warrant out different impacts for it in different areas. This makes my flow more clear and also gives the 1AR's job easier. But that being said, I think you should at least have a counter-interp for me to endorse, otherwise I'm voting on "debate bad" which is an uphill battle (but not an impossible one).
K v Policy
Love 'em ... love K's. There's almost always going to be a link ... that's one of the benefits of reading a K against a plan, so you probably won't have to do a ton of work here, but that being said you can do better than a generic state or arms sales link. You don't have to win the alt if you do sufficient work on the link turning case, but that does mean the link needs to be more fleshed out and contextualized to what the aff actually does/justifies. State good isn't offense against ontology just like state bad isn't a reason the plan specifically fails. Explain how the theory of the K implicates the solvency of the aff.
K v K
Super fun when both sides really understand their arguments and how either model does/doesn't explain the other. The perm needs to be well explained, but I think people underestimate the power of a good solvency card that stitches the two theories together. No perms in method debates is almost always a time suck. I think you need to win the root cause/ontology debate to win the alt, but chances are if you're winning the first, you've already won the latter. Make this fun!
Speech Docs: MoStateDebate@gmail.com
?'s: Preeves22@gmail.com
Asst Coach at MoState.
2x NDT Qualifier for MoState, Graduated in 23'.
3rd at NFA Nationals 2021, 4x NFA Nationals Qualifier
Random Thoughts:
- I do not care what you do, Everything is up for debate (besides objectively wrong things).
- Please keep track of your time, I want to keep track of your speech and the docs, not the time.
- You will often do better if you debate best rather than adjusting to this paradigm.
- I'll probably take a long time to decide as I try to be respectful of the time and energy that we put into this game. I really try to invest in debate as much as everyone else does, and love to reward bold strategic choices (no, not spark).
- My decisions are going to be what's exactly on my doc, and speaker points will be how well you articulated the thing from the flow to being understood + clarity.
- Evidence Quality is under rated. I'll 1000% read your evidence during, and after the round. You should probably tell me HOW to read it. If it does not say the thing that you think it does, things will not go well for you.
Specific ?'s:
Policy v. K ideological divide (the stuff that matters for prefs).
- I tend to like both for different reasons. I think that being strategic is the best thing that you can do in front of me, be bold and embrace your decisions whole-heartedly. My first 2 years of college debate, I debated exclusively the K (pomo, cybernetics, queerness, etc.), and the last 2 1/2 years, I debated mainly policy. With that in mind, that means I don't have ideological underpinnings that assist either side.
- I think that the strongest part of the K is the Link, and weakest part is the Alt. Policy AFF's tend to have more warrants for how they solve things, than why they actually do. I think that it behooves both teams to play to the others weakness. K's are better at why, and Policy stuff is better at how, explain to me which is better.
- I have discovered that the more that I judge, the more that I tend to start from Offense more than anything when I make my decisions. It would benefit you greatly if you oriented the debate around your offense.
Policy:
- Offense is where I always start, and the place that teams should always spend the most time on. Impacts tend to be the things that decide debates, and make everything else important as they leak out of that.
- Case debating is a lost and dead art, please bring it back. Hyper specific case negs or good impact D debating is the best stuff to watch.
CP's:
- CP Texts for Perms >>>>
- Fine with Judge Kick, if it makes sense. Should be more than a 10 second blurb.
- PICs are cool, and often strategic.
DA:
- Turns Case is ESSENTIAL, and is usually the difference between a Win that can be easily sought out, and a Win that I scratch my head for a while at.
Topicality:
- T should have a case list, of what is and isn't T.
- Reasonability is probably bad, unless you have a good argument about why your AFF is essential to the topic thus -> Competing Interps !
- Quals are better than no Quals
Theory:
- I think there is a sharp divide between the neg being strategic, and just trying to make the 2AC's life hard by not really debating stuff. I think hard debate should be rewarded, and cowards shouldn't. The best strategies that we always remember were never the 12 off with the 9 plank CP, but the 4-5 off with the impact turns etc. With that said, I think 3 condo is probably my limit (each plank counts as 1 unless stated otherwise by the neg), and contradictions are fine until the block.
K's:
- Telling me why your links mean that I should weigh the AFF and how that implicates their research is probably much better than just stating why your model of debate is better. Vice Versa for AFF, telling me why your research praxis is good, and should be debated is better than telling me why it's a pain you can't weigh the AFF. I think that fairness is an impact, but we have been on the fairness spiel for like 20+ years.
- More impact analysis > no impact analysis.
K AFF's/FW:
- I think that teams should probably read a plan text, and talk about the resolution. But if you want to read a AFF without a plan text, go for it as long as you do it well. Usually, negative teams going for framework do so poorly.
- I usually prefer fairness as an externalization of education, and how it impacts the game of debate in terms of making us better people and/or better educators.
- Definitions are under-used, and I think that the best AFF's make us really ponder how we should collectively view the topic.
I am now the head coach for Lansing HS in Kansas. Previously, I was the head coach and director of debate and forensics at Truman High School in Missouri. I was a policy debater in high school. I have taught at debate and speech camps and I frequently judge policy debate, LD, PF, and speech.
EMAIL CHAIN: willarddebate@gmail
Things I like for you to do: send an email effectively and efficiently, speak clearly, and respond to arguments. Communicate TO THE judge.
GIVE THE ORDER AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SPEECH.
I flow on paper. Be clear when you are switching args.
The aff should be topical. The aff needs an offensive justification for their vision of the topic. I find the arguments for why the aff should be topical to be better than the arguments against it. (Read: I rarely vote on T. Running T? Go all in.) If you are reading an aff that is not topical, you are much more likely to win my ballot on arguments about why your model of debate is good than you are on random impact turns to T.
Evidence matters. I read evidence and it factors into my decision.
Clarity matters. If you have dramatic tone changes between tag and card, where you can barely be heard when reading the text of evidence, you will get lower points from me and you should stop doing that. If I can't understand the argument, it doesn't count. There is no difference between being incoherent and clipping.
The link matters. I typically care a great deal about the link. When in competition, you should spend more time answering the link than reading impact defense.
I am fine with K debate on either side of the the resolution, although I prefer the K debate to be rooted in the substance of the resolution.; however, I will listen to why non-topical versions of the aff are justified. Methodology should inform FW and give substance to FW args beyond excluding only other positions. Links should clearly identify how the other team's mindset/position/advocacy perpetuates the squo. An alternative that could solve the issues identified in the K should be included with solvency that identifies and explains pragmatic change. K debaters must demonstrate their understanding and purpose of their K lit. Moreover, if you would like for me to vote for the K, it should be the main argument in the round.