I am a lay judge (parent), and this is my first time judging.

• Keep your own time
• Tech over truth
• Please do not spread
• Please provide sufficient warranting for all of your claims, and do not simply reference the card name when referring back to the evidence (reiterate the points it makes)
• Weigh; I will not weigh for you
• Signpost!!
• I do not flow crossfire, but don't just ignore it
• If you do not extend an argument in Summary/FF, I will consider it dropped.
• Racist/sexist/otherwise offensive content in your speeches is an automatic 20 speaks and a drop

What’s important to me:

Use your voice well. On a written text, I see periods, commas, colons, capital letters, paragraph breaks, headings, underlined material, and so on. In a debate, what replaces all this is your voice. For example, a written text with no punctuation and no spacing is largely unintelligible; an oral argument with no pauses between clauses, sentences, or paragraphs is equally meaningless—regardless of all the points that you think you are making or all of your opponent’s points that you think you are refuting.

Use good transitional expressions. You may know where you are going, but your listener does not. Say where you plan to go, and then on your journey regularly tell your listeners when you are going to turn right or left. The alternative, which is to present a torrent of impressive sounding facts and figures that are hard to follow, tilts this judge against you.

Avoid bossiness. I regularly spend time in courtrooms, and I notice that attorneys who instruct judges and juries about what to do end up hurting their own cases. Also, argue the merits of your position, and be careful with theory debating. Sometimes I consider it smoke and mirrors, and it may work against you—unless, of course, you can use your voice well, use good transitional expressions, and convince me of the reasonableness of your position. A jury wants reasonableness. So do I.

I am a returning parent judge. I will provide constructive notes for students.

Here are a few notes for students:

1. Speak as clearly as possible.

2. Please signpost and frame your arguments in a logical flow.

3. Be courteous, polite and respectful to your opponents.

As judge, I am looking for debaters to provide clear and cohesive arguments with a flow. The debaters should ensure their audience understand their arguments.

I appreciate teams that address each of their opponents' contentions, extend their arguments and back up arguments with evidence. Finally, I expect each competitor to treat their opponent with respect, addressing the other competitors by name, is a nice touch.

Congressional Debate:

I appreciate well-developed speeches that introduce key ideas that are relevant to the legislation. I value clarity, organization, and effective communication in debate. Arguments should be well-structured and backed by evidence. I'm not a fan of excessive speed; I prioritize quality over quantity. I prefer a debate style that is respectful and professional. Personal attacks or overly aggressive tactics will negatively affect your score and ranking.

Lincoln Douglas Debate: I prefer a traditional debate without spreading. I’m not a fan of excessive speed; I prioritize quality over quantity. Make sure your speeches are organized, logical, easy to follow with effective refutation. I do not appreciate progressive debating.

I have judged speech and debate events for the past 13 years. My son was in Congress.

General thoughts

Regardless of the event, I expect professionalism and preparation from all competitors. Showing up unprepared or engaging in unprofessional behavior wastes your time, my time, as well as that of the other competitors and your coaches.

Public Forum Debate & LD

Although I’ve judged PFD more than LD, I feel comfortable with both events. I appreciate assertiveness but actively dislike aggression. Clarity is extremely important. Don’t be cocky: instead, try to convey how deeply you’ve researched the topic. I always leave my personal opinions on the topic aside in order to be fair to all debaters.

Interp/speech

I started off my judging career judging interp, even though lately I’ve been judging debate more. Regardless of the piece, you have to give your best when performing. Delivery must always be clear and interesting. Tech should be smooth and reflect the norms of the event itself (tech in DI is very different than tech in HI).

Congress: Speeches should not just be read. Ideal is performed without reading except for statistics. Each speech should add to the conversation, not just rehashing. Perspective should be of a representative not a speech and debate participant. Try to give specific examples of people or events when possible. Stats should add credibility and value to the speech. Use the space you are provided, don't just stand in one place. Voice should be clear, audible and most importantly, confident. Questions should be direct and relevant. Approach to questions should be assertive but professional. Participation is key.

Debate: Focus on clear points that support your argument. Voice should be clear. Clarity over speed. Rebuttals should show understanding of the issue and dissect the argument. All arguments should be tied back to value premise.

SPEECH: Clarity above all. Clear voice. Clear transitions and clear story. I want to be immersed in the presentation. Create imagery using your voice, posure, and pantomiming (Where applicable).

Competed personally while in HS, Primarily in Duo Interpretation. Have been Judging since completing HS and have judged multiple tournaments and many various events. Prefer judging Duo, HI, DI, POI, or impromptu.

Wish everyone the best of luck in any event!