Hi! This is my second year judging, but I have a lot of debate experience. I debated all four years of high school. I started my freshman year in open Policy, then moved to Lincoln Douglas sophomore through senior year. I’ve competed at both state and nationals, so I’ve seen a lot of different debate styles.

I can keep up with just about any argument you throw my way, as long as it's explained well enough. I'm fine with spreading, but at least try to speak clearly. I don't care if you prefer a progressive or traditional debate style, just win your arguments. I enjoy clash, it makes my decision significantly easier. And please, please be decent during cross examination. I will deduct speaker points for being excessively rude.

Best of luck.

Arguments should be clear, concise and with credible evidence; the what and why of your argument is more important than how you state it, yet if you talk too fast than I may miss your point ... Rebuttals should actually be that -- a rebuttal -- and not just pre-rehearsed speech. ...Questioning in Congress should help move the arguments forward.

First and foremost: breathe, relax, and have fun.

Debate:

For me, the most important aspects of either side of a debate are evidence and organization. Your points should make it clear why you are the one that should win and should flow from one to the next. I want to hear how you are able to back up your statements, not just how many points you can make during your time to speak. Fact and logic always make a stronger case.

Speed is fine as long as you words are clear and your arguments can be followed. If I can't understand what you are saying, I won't be able to judge it. Please signpost, this allows me to listen to your points fully rather than spending time trying to figure out what you are attacking/defending.

If an argument is dropped by your opponent, please don't just point out that it was dropped. Be sure I know why the argument was important to begin with.

Debate should have emotion - you should sound like you believe what you are saying (even if you don't).

You may always take time for yourself, please just let me know how long you believe you will need.

Please be considerate of others, rude or condescending remarks will result in lower speaker points. Personal attacks against your opponent are never acceptable.

Speech:

Presentation, presentation, presentation. Your speech, regardless of style, should flow from one point to the next. Transitions are important.

Body movement to help emphasize your points is great - but pacing should be avoided if at all possible.

For Open competitors, I expect eye contact with your audience, proper use of body language and strategic voice inflection. Reading your speech or using cards will result in lower speaker points.

For Novice competitors, while limited reading is fine, please try not to use your written speech the full time. Looking up and making eye contact from time to time is important.

My name is Carlos Santos (He/Him/His), I debated in Spokane briefly at Lewis and Clark High School and would consider myself closer to lay than experienced as a judge (though I am learning!). I am the coach for North Central High School and this will be my second year back in the debate circuit. While I am more familiar with traditional debate styles, I am open to progressive debating and do my best to view unfamiliar debate styles impartially.

General: Time limits are to be followed, speaker points are not debatable, self-timing is acceptable.

Policy/LARP – Policy/LARP arguments are fine but avoid contrived scenarios.

K - K aff should be able to provide contextual answers to framework. K affs should have a clear advocacy, whether that be enacted or embodied through performance or advocating a philosophical re-orientation towards/away from the resolution. If you're moving away from the resolution, you need an embedded critique of the resolution - this will give you a large leg up in front of me on the t-framework debate – vague arguments on oppression/racism/capitalism without clear structural analysis and coherent theories of power make it difficult to evaluate within the round.

1 NC K - When using Kritik in the 1NC, you should be able to clearly shift the burden of addressing the underlying issues of the debate to the affirmative. I do not mind at all being asked to consider assumptions I have made regarding the framework of the debate.

Framework: Provide clear structure in framework debate – be sure to elaborate on how I (as the judge) should be interpreting the rules within the round as well as how the round should be judged and provide sound reasoning for this interpretation.

CP – Counterplan should provide a reasonable alternate course of action with a net benefit over the plan – avoid contrived scenarios with unclear net benefits. Your text should be clear in stating your advocacy. Elaborate on how the counterplan is competitive to the plan and provide a net benefit to the counterplan.

DA – disad should operate with a clear link to the plan, please provide evidence and have a clear impact. Because DA impact should be considerable, provide multiple links. Long link chains are acceptable as long as they all relate back to your claim. Impact should be broad and clearly outweigh the affirmative, turn case, or at least nullify the 1AC advantage(s). Impact turns are challenging to do well and inoffensively. Use them only if you are certain it will be effective.

Performance – Performance can be an effective way to communicate narratives that operate outside of the dominant cultural narrative, but make sure the impact is carried beyond the 1AC. Use it as a connection between each part of the round.

T – I have no issue with topicality debates and aff should be prepared to defend against with a clear, delineated counter-interpretation. I am fine with theory debates – just make sure your interpretation is clear and provide a reason for me to give you the ballot or drop the argument

As a debate judge, I value a few things:

-Signposting: Please tell me where you are at in the flow to assist in my ability to accurately judge the round. This will also be extra powerful in points of clash -- show me where your cases are in direct contention with one another and why your side should be preferred.

-Cards/Evidence: I get that evidence matters in a debate round. I honestly don't place a lot of value in a lot of a round being focused on when an article was published or when a study was conducted ... like I get that it matters and can be important to a round, but I much so value your wholistic arguments and ideas in your case over niche disputes on sources.

-Impacts: By making your impacts clear and concise, I am better able to understand the most important/essential elements of your argument.

-Voters: By the end of the round, you should be able to tell me why you won the round.

At the end of the day, I am not a very picky judge! I want to see you do what you do best.