Our activity should first and foremost be an educational experience for everyone involved. Because we are practicing an academic exercise in a competitive space, sportsmanship is imperative. I tell my students to model the type of debate they would like to compete against; if the way they engage in the activity makes their opponents want to quit our activity...they are doing it wrong. Debate should be for everyone - a healthy debate circuit, like a healthy democracy, thrives off high engagement/participation. I invite you to engage with this narrative; if you love this activity, you should want to share it with as many as possible.

Debaters are sometimes shocked when they come into a round asking me for my paradigm; I will often defer my paradigm to be determined first by the preferences of their opponents. I bring this up because I would rather all participants be comfortable setting norms with one another prior to engaging with what my preferences are as an adjudicator--it makes for a more balanced debate rather than one team having an advantage because they are better at adapting to a specific paradigm of any specific judge. A fast way to lose my ballot is to treat people (judges, opponents, and spectators) within the debate space with disregard because your goals of winning don't require their preferences to be met. I'm not a lay judge, but the debate should primarily be accessible by everyone in the space in order for it to be maximally educational. If I'm on a panel, I pay attention to the paradigms of my fellow judges (and the experience level of your opponents)...so it's always safe to assume I'll vote you down for debate for exploitive, patronizing, and exclusionary behaviors and language. *Extend this line of thought to the literature you're reading and the narratives you're sharing; the people in your impact scenarios matter, they are not a chess piece in your "game of words".

Rather than seeing the debate space as "competitive" (yes, I acknowledge a judge determines a winning side--or best reasoned/articulated/defended side), I choose to see the debate space as "collaborative". Debate asks us to engage in perspective taking; the purpose of switch-side debate is so students gain perspective based on research and critical thought. Ideally, we (judges, spectators, coaches, and participants) should enter into the debate space with good faith; with the goal of everyone ending the round having learned something new, considered a different point of view, and enjoyed the experience (and with the sentiment that it was worth it/we'd do it again if we could).

I reward teams who bring topical research into the space. Fewer substantive arguments with thorough analysis of the literature will always be preferred over trying to win because your opponent doesn't have time to respond to an argument (because you chose to run many under-developed arguments). I understand and enjoy theory, kritik, performance, and fw/value debate when they are done well. I don't think it is productive or required to advocate a position you don't believe in; you may not get to choose your side, but you do get to choose your arguments. 99% of the time I'm going to vote for legitimate advocacy over an overly technocratic strategy developed specifically for the round. Internal consistency is important to me - especially when there are in-round impacts being weighed.

I generally view the debate space as both a lab/playground for testing ideas and *also* as a space for engaging in deliberative democracy - because of this, I discourage deterministically framed arguments that disempower or remove agency from others sharing the space. There's a difference between framing an argument as non-unique and framing it as *inevitable*; if your opponents do this, you'll probably be able to win the impact by making space for an alternate narrative in the round (and I may likely be willing to vote on the in-round impact of preferring your alternate narrative). For example, the inability to eliminate corruption or suffering isn't a reason to reject a plan or framework that minimizes it (this is also true for narratives of peace as the absence of violence, narratives of environmental stewardship, and so on). You'll do well to not dismiss your opponent's impacts in a way that perpetuates a narrative that excludes an alternate narrative that might be better for us to engage with. I enjoy when debaters challenge narratives that often go unquestioned as a means to empower.

I'm going to flow, you should too--it's annoying when you argue against evidence your opponent doesn't read - don't think of reading/skimming through your opponent's files as a substitute for listening/flowing (conversely, don't give your opponents large quantities of evidence you don't plan on reading).

Aside from the rules of the activity, I ask that you're open to earnestly engaging with arguments as your opponents present them; not everyone is taught how to debate the same way, and part of what makes our activity beautiful is the potential it has to evolve and change to become *more* inclusive. I generally believe all constructive speeches are fair game for new lines of argumentation (though topicality probably needs to be run directly subsequent to the interp violation), and rebuttals require debaters to both consolidate and prioritize - I believe *how* we choose to consolidate and *what* we prioritize in rebuttals to be revelatory and this will be where you may get yourself into trouble with internal consistency.

Treat the activity and everyone in the round with respect--that'll get you far.

You've practiced your event hundreds of times on your own or with your teammates. You have a delivery you've perfected and feel best presenting. Do that. I want to hear your presentation the way that makes YOU feel best and most confident.

My only request is that you give respect so you get respect. If you have to shout over, insult, or interrupt your competitor(s), I'm going to assume you aren't as prepared as you could be. Please don't huff, sigh, roll your eyes, or slam your notebook down. Be mindful of your time limits.

Most of all, please know I'm rooting for you. You've got this!

Hello! I'm Casey, and you may have seen me in the 2020 NSDA final round of Duo! I am an alum of Hattiesburg High School (In Mississippi) and am currently a member of the Alabama Forensic Council at the University of Alabama. I've been competing since the 7th grade (so now that's 10 years of speech oh lord) and while I stuck to interp in high school, I've branched out to platform events in college so I've either competed in or seen every event out there. I don't have any super specific judging preferences, I only ask that you give it your all. If you ever have any questions about my ballot/comments or the AFC/Alabama, feel free to email me at caseybuisson@gmail.com and I'd be happy to talk to you! If I've learned anything in my time as a competitor it's to have FUN while you're performing and your judges will notice. Good luck!!

I love logic and SOUND economic arguments. If you spread you must be clear and be slower when reading taglines. Please don't make an arguement you don't understand. No fluff arguement please. Give me substance. Also, don't be mean or a bully.

I am a parent judge and judge primarily on the local circuit. I am a practicing attorney and, accordingly, am experienced with evaluating the quality of many arguments. I can flow and will do my best to evaluate all arguments to the best of my ability. The following information may be helpful if I am judging you:

GENERAL:

-Signpost as clearly as possible so that I know exactly where you are on the flow. If I don't know what an argument is supposed to address, it will be difficult for me to weigh it.

-Give clear warrants, impacts, and framework links to all of your arguments to the best of your ability. If your claim has no backing or impact it is unlikely that I will weigh it heavily.

-No spreading. I am relatively inexperienced judging LD and clarity is key. With that said, speed is fine but if you are going too fast for me to understand I will put my pen down.

-Generally, I will vote on the line-by-line but if you give me a blatantly ridiculous argument I will not evaluate it even if it goes completely conceded by your opponent.

-VOTERS ARE A MUST! If you give me specific voters and tell me why you are winning on a specific argument and how it impacts the debate, I am likely to vote for you.

PROGRESSIVE ARGUMENTATION:

Again, because I am relatively new to judging and LD, I would prefer it if you kept progressive arguments (Ks, Theory, Plans, CPs, etc.) to a minimum. If you feel the need to run a progressive argument, keep technical jargon to a minimum, and explain them to me clearly.

FRAMEWORK

I am a fan of framework debate. Frameworks that have a specific impact calculus are preferable and should be used strategically throughout the debate. If your framework is phil-based, explain it clearly. Further, if the framework debate becomes muddled and more-or-less irrelevant throughout the debate, don't waste my time with it.

Lincoln Douglas Debaters: I love to see a strong and continuous link to your Value and Value Criterion throughout your case. I judge by the flow, and do not mind spreading, but will not be able to fairly judge the round if I cannot understand you while spreading. Please be aware of your time, and be respectful during cross. This is not a Presidential Debate. Best of luck, Natalie

Let's have a great round!

I am a college student that competed in debate for six years from 7th - 12th grade. For debate I have no problem with speed, but please make sure I can understand points that are very important to your case. If is a key point, emphasize it and enunciate. I will only judge based off of what is said in the round. If you want me to know or do something you must tell me and make it painfully obvious to me what you want me to do. Please use supporting evidence in your arguments. If your argument doesn't have any supporting evidence or data, I will not take it as seriously as an argument with supporting evidence.

I did Speech and Debate for 4 years. I did Original Oratory, Expository Speaking, Prose, Poetry, Congress, and some Policy.

I may stop writing now and again, but this is so that I can focus on what you are saying (I usually just jot down what sticks out). Spreading is fine, but if you can refrain from doing so I'd rather actually hear your points, so be clear. Keep it classy and be nice to your opponents. Don't falsify evidence. Be thorough with your arguments and tell me why you should win.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me before the round. Best of luck.

I am a head coach for Speech & Debate.

I prefer traditional-style Lincoln-Douglas Debate, with a focus on Value Clash.

Evidence should be read throughout the debate.

I keep a good FLOW during the round.

I prefer debaters speak at a conversational rate.

I encourage you to give VOTERS. Tell me why you have won the round.

I really do not tolerate disrespect in the round. Being rude will lose you the ballot.

Make sure I can understand you; don't speak too fast!
Above all, be respectful to each other!

I have competed and judged speech and debate on both the high school and college level. When I was a competitor I did individual events (IEs), public forum debate, policy debate, LD, congressional debate, parliamentary debate (NPDA) and public debate (IPDA). I am now an attorney and I enjoy judging tournaments as much as I can. In any debate event, I prefer rounds to be less technical and for the debaters to directly clash and discuss the important issues related to the resolution. I think the strength of the arguments and contentions is equally important to the delivery and presentation since this is a competitive public speaking activity.

Hi, I’m Neely! I use she/her pronouns. Please inform me of your preferred pronouns (if you’re comfortable) so I can address you properly. I competed in speech and debate for 4 years in a variety of events, primarily speech and debate events. I will not tolerate any kind of ad hominem arguments, hate speech, slurs, charged language, etc. Make sure your arguments are clear and understandable to all, and most importantly, enjoy yourselves!

Hi! I’m currently a member of the Alabama Forensic Council (the University of Alabama’s speech team.) I’m in my 6th year of forensics and competed in many national tournaments throughout high school and college. I’ve done every speech event in the high school circuit as well, specializing in interpretation events.

For judging, I prefer competitors to have trigger warnings either before their speeches or in the description of their videos during the online season for others to know.

I did debate all four years of high school. I competed in PF and Congress, as well as interp and limited prep events. I was the 2019 State Champion in PF and Duet Acting, as well as national quarter finalist in congress at NSDA in 2019.

Speaking and debate are both important to me. Do not get caught up in the speaking style of your opponents, just address their arguments.

Do not spread, and for PF your arguments should be accessible. It’s called public forum for a reason, and should be accessible to laymen.

When addressing your opponents be respectful. I understand this activity can get heated, but it should still be cordial.

LD should address value criterion as well as the points presented by your opponent. Do not let the debate focus on solely one or the other.

speaker points are determined by clarity and overall contribution to the debate.

Your links between evidence and points should be very clear. I don’t care how much evidence you have if you don’t explain it’s importance.

most importantly have fun and be ready to learn. Despite this activity being about competition the goal should be for you guys to learn and be exposed to new ideas. Have fun and be respectful!

I did CX, LD, and a little PF and Congress in high school, though my debate experience is mostly limited to Mississippi (traditional debate). I also was an octafinal at NSDA in HI, and state co-champion for duet acting my senior year.

General Paradigm:

* Speed is okay as long as I can understand you and you're taking time to actually back up what you're saying.

* I assign speaker points based on overall contribution to the debate, tactically and in how compelling you are.

* Make sure to have good tech and counter arguments down the ballot, but I'm not going to consider tech if your argument is just too out there (no "jellyfish will fix our police system" pls).

* Feel free to have creative arguments, but please make it easy for me to flow and make it explicitly clear why you think I should vote for you instead of the other guys. (Weight impacts!)

* Fairness is a thing. Just be nice to each other :)

CX:

* I'm from traditional CX. That's what I'm used to and what I like, so try to keep that in mind as much as possible. It's also been three years since I've done CX in earnest, so I'm rusty, especially on the jargon.

* If you can help it, try not to spread. Speed is fine, though, as long as I can understand what you're saying clearly. If I can't catch what you said, it's tough for me to understand your argument.

* Please tag your arguments, and slow down when you do. A clean flow is a good flow.

* I only read what you read.

* Every case doesn't have to be about the apocalypse. Unless you have a strong link, please don't tell me about the dead rising from the grave, dogs and cats living together, mass hysteria, etc. (Be creative with arguments, just make sure you have good links!)

* I'm open to but skeptical of kritiks. If you run one, be sure to be very clear on why it's relevant as to how I should vote, with specific links to the opposing team, no "Cap K and run away."

* If you run Death Good, it might be kinda funny but I probably won't vote for you.

LD:

* Not too familiar with progressive LD (remember, Mississippi), but if that's what you know how to run then feel free, just know you'll have to explain things to me and be very clear about what you're doing.

* In a V/C debate, make sure to uphold your value.

PF:

* Accessibility of arguments is really important here. This is a "public" forum.

* Use Final Focus for the final focus please.

* Speaking is more important to me here than in other debate events, but arguments are still what matters most.

Joshua D Rogers Paradigm

B.A. Classics, Ph.D. Linguistics

Director of Forensics & Latin Teacher - Presbyterian Christian High School (Hattiesburg, MS)

Forensics Head Coach - William Carey University

Experience:

Oratory and Communication experience in High School

Discourse and Communication theory in Undergrad and Graduate work

Teaching Speech and Debate since 2015

Basic Judging Paradigm:

I will judge the flow

I want substantive arguments and clash

Weigh your impacts at the end

Bad sportsmanship leads to reduction of points

Don't talk down to the judge

Public Forum: Give evidence, cite, analyze - don't just restate claims three ways. I encourage Neg, don't just rebut, build a world in which you can win.

Lincoln Douglas/Policy:

I attempt to be tabula rasa, but when no decision-rule calculus is provided, I default to understanding and applying morality arguments. I tend to see the debate in an offense/defense paradigm.

I default to competing interpretations on Topicality, and reasonability on all theory. If you define value and criteria, stay with your parameters.

I am fine with speed, but clarity is key.

I particularly enjoy critical debate with strong theoretical argument and links, but just citing them without showing how they apply will not help you out.

I would like to be on your email chain (jdrogers @wmcarey.edu) so I can look at cards that you reference in cross-examination, though I will still judge the flow.

LD Note: Impacting your arguments in a practical way is important. Cheap shots / tricks are not the way to my ballot (because: reasonability). I also will not vote for an argument I don't understand based on your explanation. I will not read your case later to make up for a lack of clarity when you spread. If I can't flow it, it's like you never made that argument.

Policy: I like to hear clash on evidence. Evaluate evidence since you have it in front of you. But more important, outline and build a plan. Explain how and why it works.

Don't give me outrageous impacts, we all know the world COULD end. Show how the plan results in impact, not just slippery slope.

Neg feel free to build Kritic if you can, always enjoyable; but must be applicable and the links should be strong.

I would like to be on your email chain (jdrogers @wmcarey.edu) so I can look at cards that you reference in cross-examination.

I am knowledgeable about LD and PF debate styles. I debated in high school for four years and was a member of the Alabama Forensic Council now.

I know how to judge progressive debate, but I prefer not to. I think some progressive debate has leaned towards elitism and I believe all debate should be accessible to all peoples. For that reason, it is ok if you spread- but I prefer you not to. If you are bad at spreading, I will tell you you're bad at spreading. Always be sure to flash me and your opponent your cases if you choose to spread.

I judge off flow. Simple as that.

Update for TOC Digital 3: My background is in lay/traditional policy and it's been about a year since I've thought a lot about circuit debate/flowed spreading. I'll do my best to be tabula rasa, but the less I understand, the more likely I'll make a mistake. If y'all would help me out by slowing down (especially for arguments that aren't in the doc) and taking more time to explain complex arguments and how they function in the round, I'd really appreciate it :D

Hello, I'm Jason. I competed for Madison Central in Mississippi (mostly PF, Policy, and speech; dabbled in World Schools, Congress, and LD). I do BP and APDA debate at Penn now.

My background is mostly in lay/traditional debate, but I did some national circuit PF and policy and think about debate in a more technical way. Feel free to ask any questions before the round!

First and foremost, do what you do, and I'll do my best to follow and give constructive feedback. We are all here to learn, so above all else, please respect your opponents, teammates, and judges. At the end of the day, it's a lot more important to be a good person than a great speaker/debater.

General:

1- Tell me what argument(s) you’re winning, why you’re winning them, and why winning those arguments means you win the debate. The same goes for dropped arguments. Being technically proficient is important, but smart overviews, organization, and judge instruction can shape how I view technical issues on the flow.

2- Be smart and adaptable. Cases that are strategically written, clever logical analysis to respond to unpredictable/unrealistic arguments, and comparative weighing of arguments beyond probability/magnitude/timeframe are all great.

3- Here’s a video that shows the speed I am comfortable with without a doc. Please start off slow and work your way up to speed.

4- Highly warranted evidence is great. If there's evidence-sharing, I won't read evidence to make my decision unless you tell me to or I think there's something fishy going on. I might read it for fun though.

5- Try to make the round accessible and educational for everyone involved. Complex or unorthodox arguments are fine, but make them in a way that your opponents can easily understand and don't be mean or shifty in cross if you're asked to explain them. But also, if you read an argument that you wouldn't usually read just to confuse your seemingly-less experienced opponents, I'll be very sad.

Public Forum:

1- PF speeches are super short. Your speaks will be amazing if the last two speeches focus on winning and implicating a few arguments, rather than going for everything.

2- 2nd rebuttal needs to respond to 1st rebuttal.

3- An argument must have been in summary for it to be in final focus.

Lincoln-Douglas:

1- If the framework debate is clearly irrelevant (i.e. both debaters are staking the round on consequences) just concede to your opponent's framework and win under it.

2- If the values are different, I'll probably view the value and criterion as a single framework rather than two separate layers of the debate.

Policy:

1- I'm definitely more familiar with policy arguments than kritikal arguments. Seriously go for anything though (provided it isn't hateful), but the further something strays from what I'm familiar with, the more explanation I'll need to understand.

2- Pls slow down on taglines, analytics, and stuff you really want me to flow.

4- Honestly not super familiar with the K outside of Cap and Security. I like to learn though, so if that's your jam, just explain it well (especially how the K interacts with the aff) and I'll be happy to listen.

5- Same goes for K affs. Just be very clear on what your aff does and do impact calc vs framework. For what it's worth, I went for clash/skills impacts in 2NRs on framework, but am good for whatever.

6- I won't judge kick a counterplan in the 2NR unless I'm told to, and it wouldn't take much from the 2AR to convince me not to.

7- Probably not great for super techy competition/theory debates.

8- I'm not super comfortable adjudicating arguments about something that happened out-of-round.

9- The first lines of the 2NR and 2AR should be the words I put at the top of my RFD.

Other Events:

1- Be organized, be polished, and make me think.

2- Have fun!

I am a math teacher and speech and debate coach at Purvis High School in Purvis, MS. Our primary focus as a team is on speech and interp events, so my experience with debate events is rudimentary.

I judge LD debate, where I would prefer that debaters not spread. I judge primarily on the flow with an emphasis on value and criterion, but I do give a higher weight to presentation than do many debate judges. I feel that debate should not just be an exercise in logic and evidence (though that is the focus), but should also reflect the reality that the way in which information is presented affects its persuasiveness.

After 4 years of judging in MS and at five National Tournaments, the most important advice I can give if I am selected to be your judge is:

*Be respectful of yourself, your opponent/fellow competitors, and your judges.  This includes being mindful of your time constraints, being considerate in your conversations/arguments/speeches, and being well prepared to present your case(s) and/or your piece(s). 

*Have fun!  You can take this tournament seriously, be well-prepared, and have a blast all at the same time.  Your time in high school will fly by, so no regrets, only memories!  

Good luck!